A nurse is providing nutritional counseling to a client who is in early pregnancy. Which of the following should the nurse recommend the client increase during the first trimester?

A. 0.45% saline. This is a hypotonic solution, which may be used later in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) management, but it is not appropriate for initial fluid resuscitation as it does not rapidly expand intravascular volume.
B. NPH insulin. NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin and is not used for continuous infusion. In DKA, rapid insulin correction is needed, typically with a short-acting insulin like regular insulin.
C. 0.9% normal saline. This isotonic fluid is the first-line choice for fluid replacement in clients with DKA. It helps restore circulating volume and correct dehydration quickly, which is a critical initial intervention.
D. Glargine insulin. Glargine is a long-acting insulin and not suitable for IV infusion. DKA requires the use of short-acting insulin (e.g., regular insulin) administered via IV infusion to correct hyperglycemia and acidosis.

A. "Take your temperature every night before going to bed." Basal body temperature (BBT) must be measured after a full night’s sleep, not at bedtime, to accurately detect ovulatory shifts in temperature.
B. "Take your temperature 1 hour after getting out of bed." Delaying the measurement even by an hour can alter the results, as physical activity and environmental exposure can cause inaccurate readings.
C. "Take your temperature immediately after waking and before getting out of bed." This is the correct instruction. BBT should be taken at the same time each morning, right after waking, before any activity, to detect the slight rise in temperature (0.3–0.6°C or 0.5–1.0°F) that typically follows ovulation.
D. "Take your temperature within 30 minutes after your first morning void." Waiting until after voiding can also affect the reading. The temperature should be taken prior to any physical movement, including going to the bathroom, for best accuracy.