A nurse is providing education to a group of older adults about the signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction. Which of the following is not a sign of a myocardial infarction?

Cool, clammy skin

Chest pain radiating into the back and jaw

Nausea and vomiting

Peripheral edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Cool, clammy skin can be a sign of a myocardial infarction. It occurs due to the body's stress response during an MI, leading to decreased perfusion and sweating. This symptom is consistent with the autonomic response to a heart attack.
B.   Chest pain radiating into the back, jaw, or arms is a classic symptom of myocardial infarction. This radiation of pain is due to the way pain signals are transmitted and referred from the heart to other parts of the body. It is a common and significant symptom of MI.

C.   Nausea and vomiting can occur during a myocardial infarction, particularly in older adults. These symptoms are related to the autonomic nervous system's response to the stress of an MI and can sometimes be the presenting symptoms, especially in women and older adults.
D.   Peripheral edema is generally not a direct symptom of myocardial infarction. It is more commonly associated with chronic heart failure or other conditions leading to fluid overload. While MI can lead to heart failure over time, peripheral edema itself is not a typical acute symptom of an MI.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hemoglobin levels measure the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. A reduced ejection fraction (30%) is more closely related to heart failure or significant cardiac dysfunction, which is not directly indicated by changes in hemoglobin levels.
B. Platelet levels are primarily involved in blood clotting and are less directly related to ejection fraction. Elevated or decreased platelet counts are not typically used as indicators of heart failure severity or reduced ejection fraction.
C. In cases of severe heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, you may see elevated BUN levels due to these effects. However, it is not directly related to heart failure.
D. BNP is a hormone released by the heart in response to increased pressure and volume overload, typically seen in heart failure. Elevated BNP levels are associated with worsening heart failure and can be elevated in patients with a reduced ejection fraction. In heart failure, especially with an ejection fraction as low as 30%, BNP levels are often significantly elevated.

A. Women with lupus should ensure that they get plenty of sun each day while they are pregnant. B. Women with lupus should not become pregnant, because the disease poses too many risks. C. Women with lupus should have frequent prenatal visits and close monitoring of lupus symptoms during pregnancy. D. Women with lupus should avoid all medications during pregnancy to prevent harm to the baby.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Women with lupus should ensure that they get plenty of sun each day while they are pregnant. Exposure to sunlight can exacerbate lupus symptoms, especially in women with lupus photosensitivity. It's important for women with lupus to avoid excessive sun exposure and wear protective clothing and sunscreen.

B. Women with lupus should not become pregnant, because the disease poses too many risks. While pregnancy can pose additional risks for women with lupus, it is not always contraindicated. With proper management, many women with lupus can have healthy pregnancies.
C. It is important for women with lupus to receive frequent prenatal care and close monitoring of their lupus symptoms throughout pregnancy. This includes regular check-ups with a rheumatologist and obstetrician, monitoring of blood pressure, kidney function, and lupus activity, as well as screening for fetal development.
D. Women with lupus should avoid all medications during pregnancy to prevent harm to the baby. This is not always the case. Some medications may be necessary to manage lupus symptoms during pregnancy, and the benefits often outweigh the risks. It's important to discuss medication options with healthcare providers to determine the best course of action.

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A nurse is providing education to a group of older adults about the signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction. Which of the following is not a sign of a myocardial infarction?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing the results of the client's echocardiogram and observes that the ejection fraction is 30%. Which lab result would the nurse expect to be elevated for a client with this ejection fraction?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A female client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) asks the nurse about pregnancy and lupus. Which information should the nurse include when educating the client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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