A nurse is providing education to a client who needs a cholecystectomy due to a build-up of calculi or gallstones. Which of the following is the best response from the nurse to explain what caused this problem?
The gallbladder has become blocked by a tumor and is no longer working.
The gallbladder has become inflamed due to a build-up of gallstones that are blocking the common bile duct.
The gallbladder has become inflamed due to the cholesterol in the gallstones.
The gallbladder became infected by a virus and needs to be removed.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
This option suggests that the gallbladder is blocked by a tumor. While tumors can cause blockages, they are not the most common cause of gallbladder inflammation requiring a cholecystectomy. Gallstones are a more frequent cause of such issues.
Choice B Reason:
This is the correct answer. Gallstones can block the common bile duct, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder, a condition known as cholecystitis. This blockage prevents bile from flowing out of the gallbladder, causing pain and potentially leading to infection.
Choice C Reason:
While cholesterol is a component of many gallstones, the inflammation of the gallbladder is typically due to the physical blockage caused by the stones rather than the cholesterol itself. The blockage leads to bile buildup and subsequent inflammation.
Choice D Reason:
Gallbladder infections caused by viruses are extremely rare. Most gallbladder infections are bacterial and occur secondary to blockages caused by gallstones.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain
This statement is not accurate. Cerebral edema in meningitis is not primarily caused by the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area. Instead, it is more related to the inflammatory response triggered by the infection.
Choice B Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema
Osmotic cerebral edema occurs when there is an imbalance in the osmotic pressure, leading to fluid accumulation in the brain. However, this is not the primary mechanism in meningitis. The edema in meningitis is more related to the inflammatory response and the by-products of the pathogen.
Choice C Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis
This statement is the most accurate. In meningitis, the infection triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the release of various by-products such as cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. These substances increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, resulting in fluid leakage and cerebral edema.
Choice D Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most
While systemic inflammation can contribute to cerebral edema, the primary cause in meningitis is the localized inflammatory response in the brain and meninges. The by-products of the pathogen and the resulting inflammation are the main factors leading to cerebral edema.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason: Superficial palpation
Superficial palpation is typically performed after auscultation to avoid altering bowel sounds. It involves gently pressing on the abdomen to detect tenderness, masses, or other abnormalities. This step helps in identifying areas that may require deeper examination.
Choice B Reason: Auscultation
Auscultation is performed after inspection and before palpation to listen to bowel sounds without interference. Using a stethoscope, the nurse listens for the presence, frequency, and character of bowel sounds. This step is crucial as palpation can stimulate bowel activity, potentially leading to inaccurate findings.
Choice C Reason: Inspection
Inspection is the first step in an abdominal assessment. The nurse visually examines the abdomen for any abnormalities such as distension, scars, or discoloration. This step provides initial information about the child’s abdominal health and helps guide the subsequent steps of the assessment.
Choice D Reason: Deep palpation
Deep palpation is performed last to assess the deeper structures of the abdomen. This step involves applying more pressure to feel for masses, organ size, and tenderness. It is important to perform this step last to avoid causing discomfort or altering the findings of the other assessment steps.
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