A nurse is changing the bed linen for a client who is on contact precautions. Which of the following personal protective equipment should the nurse wear?

A. A decrease in systolic blood pressure from 140 mm Hg to 120 mm Hg could indicate hypotension. Postoperatively, especially after receiving a spinal anesthetic, hypotension can occur due to vasodilation or decreased sympathetic tone. This change in blood pressure warrants notification of the provider because significant hypotension can lead to inadequate perfusion to vital organs and tissues.
B. A slight increase in temperature from 37.2°C to 37.5°C (99.0°F to 99.5°F) is a mild elevation and may not necessarily require immediate notification unless accompanied by other signs of infection or instability. It could be related to the stress response post-surgery. However, if there are other concerning signs (e.g., increased heart rate, worsening pain), the nurse should reassess and consider further action.

C. A decrease in pulse oximetry from 98% to 96% indicates a mild decrease in oxygen saturation. While this change alone may not be alarming, the nurse should assess the client's respiratory status and potential causes (e.g., positioning, respiratory depression from anesthesia). Oxygen saturation levels below 95% generally require intervention, but 96% is still within a normal range for most clients.
D. An increase in pain from 4/10 to 6/10 indicates worsening pain. Postoperatively, increasing pain may indicate inadequate pain management, worsening condition at the surgical site, or other complications such as hematoma or infection.

A. This statement suggests that outcomes are unpredictable and not influenced by factors such as adherence to a medical regimen or behavioral changes. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, behavior is influenced by attitudes and intentions, which can be assessed and potentially modified through education and intervention.
B. Poor adherence to the recommended medical regimen (such as diet, exercise, and possibly medication) increases the risk of complications in individuals with diabetes mellitus. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, if the client has negative attitudes toward the meal plan and exercise regimen (low motivation), and if they perceive these behaviors as difficult to perform (low perceived behavioral control), they are less likely to adhere to the plan. This could lead to poor outcomes, including complications related to diabetes.
C. This option suggests that outcomes will not significantly differ regardless of the client's adherence to the medical regimen or behavioral changes. However, according to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence behavior and subsequently affect outcomes.
D. Education plays a critical role in the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior. By providing education, the nurse can influence the client's attitudes and perceptions regarding the importance and feasibility of adhering to the meal plan and starting an exercise regimen.