A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who will be receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale

A puncture or rupture of the lung is typically associated with a pneumothorax, not flail chest. Pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall.

Choice B rationale

The presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity is known as pneumothorax. Flail chest, however, is characterized by multiple rib fractures.

Choice C rationale

Flail chest occurs when multiple adjacent ribs are fractured in multiple places, creating a free-floating segment of the chest wall. This condition is serious and often results from blunt chest trauma.

Choice D rationale

The collapse of the lung is known as atelectasis or pneumothorax, not flail chest. Flail chest specifically refers to the detachment of a segment of the rib cage.

Choice A rationale

Administering a prescribed bronchodilator medication is the priority action for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack. This helps to open the airways and improve breathing.

Choice B rationale

While checking the patient's vital signs is important, it is not the first action in the acute management of an asthma attack. The immediate priority is to relieve bronchospasm.

Choice C rationale

Collecting a sputum sample for analysis is not the first priority in an acute asthma attack. Stabilizing the patient's breathing is more urgent.

Choice D rationale

Obtaining a detailed health history is essential for comprehensive care but is not the first action during an acute asthma attack. Rapid intervention to improve breathing is the priority.