A nurse is preparing to reposition a client who has a lower back injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Roll the client as one unit in a smooth, continuous motion.

Flex the client's knees.

Place the client's arms at their sides.

Place the client on the side of the bed nearest the direction they will be turned.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

- Rationale for A: Rolling the client as one unit helps maintain spinal alignment and prevents further injury. It ensures that no additional strain is placed on the injured area, which could exacerbate pain or cause further damage. This method distributes the client's weight evenly and avoids twisting movements that could be harmful.

- Rationale for B: While flexing the client's knees may be part of the process to prepare for repositioning, it is not the most critical action to take. Flexing the knees alone does not ensure the safety of the client's lower back and could potentially lead to discomfort or injury if not done in conjunction with other measures.

- Rationale for C: Placing the client's arms at their sides is not advisable as it does not provide any support or stability during the repositioning process. Arms should be positioned in a way that they do not bear weight or interfere with the movement, ensuring the client's comfort and safety.

- Rationale for D: While placing the client on the side of the bed nearest the direction they will be turned may seem practical, it is not the primary action to ensure the client's safety. This position does not address the need for maintaining proper spinal alignment or the smooth, controlled movement required to protect the lower back injury.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Use an 18-gauge, 1-inch needle to administer the medication:
This is incorrect because an 18-gauge needle is too large and not appropriate for subcutaneous injections like heparin. A smaller gauge needle, such as 25- to 27-gauge, and a shorter length (⅜ to ⅝ inch) is recommended for subcutaneous injections.

B. Massage the injection site after withdrawing the needle:
This is incorrect because massaging the injection site after administering heparin can increase the risk of bruising and hematoma formation. Heparin is an anticoagulant, and gentle handling of the injection site is crucial.

C. Inject 5.1 cm (2 in) away from the umbilicus:
This is correct. Heparin is administered subcutaneously, typically in the abdomen, avoiding areas near the umbilicus or scars. Injecting at least 2 inches away from the umbilicus ensures the medication is delivered to appropriate subcutaneous tissue and minimizes complications.

D. Expel air bubble before injecting medication:
This is incorrect because the air bubble in prefilled heparin syringes should not be expelled. The air bubble helps ensure the full dose is administered and reduces the risk of medication leakage.

A. A nurse begins a blood transfusion without obtaining consent from a client. B. An assistive personnel prevents a client from leaving the facility. C. A nurse administers a medication without first identifying the client. D. An assistive personnel discusses client care in the facility cafeteria with visitors present.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Starting a blood transfusion without obtaining consent is a violation but may fall more under the category of battery than negligence.
B. Preventing a client from leaving the facility might relate more to issues of false imprisonment or breach of autonomy rather than negligence.
C. Administering medication without properly identifying the client can be considered negligence as it breaches the standard duty of care.
D. Discussing client care in a public area with visitors present might breach confidentiality but might not be categorized as negligence unless sensitive or protected information was disclosed.

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A nurse is preparing to reposition a client who has a lower back injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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