A nurse is preparing to reinforce teaching with a client who has expressive aphasia. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A. Physical therapy for muscle-strengthening and balance-training is expected because the client has a left lateral malleolus fracture and a Bone Mineral Density DEXA scan of -3.8. Physical therapy can help with rehabilitation and prevent future falls.
B. Calcium supplementation is expected because the client has a Bone Mineral Density DEXA scan of -3.8, indicating osteoporosis. Calcium supplementation is essential for bone health.
C. Vitamin D supplementation is expected because the client has a Bone Mineral Density DEXA scan of -3.8, indicating osteoporosis. Vitamin D supplementation is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
D. A home health evaluation of home safety is expected because the client lives alone and has a history of falling. A home health evaluation can help identify potential hazards and improve safety.
E. Increasing caffeine intake is unexpected because the client already reports consuming at least 3 cups of coffee daily. Increasing caffeine intake further may not be advisable due to potential side effects, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure.
F. Increasing daily sun exposure is unexpected because the client has osteoporosis and a history of falling. Excessive sun exposure can increase the risk of skin cancer, and the client may not be able to safely spend extended periods of time in the sun due to mobility limitations. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation is usually recommended over sun exposure for individuals with osteoporosis.

Rationale:

A. Regular clinical breast examinations by a healthcare provider are recommended for all women, typically starting at age 30, regardless of family history, as part of early detection efforts for breast cancer.

B. While mammograms are important for breast cancer screening, the age at which they should start may vary based on individual risk factors and guidelines from different organizations.

C. Breast ultrasound may be used in specific cases but is not typically recommended as a routine screening tool for breast cancer in asymptomatic women without specific risk factors.

D. Breast self-examinations are important for women to become familiar with their breasts and detect any changes, but the age at which they should start may vary based on individual risk factors and guidelines.