A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan take?

Use one cotton swab to clean the client's urinary meatus.

Don sterile gloves before inserting the indwelling urinary catheter.

Test the balloon on the indwelling urinary catheter before insertion.

Apply an oil-based lubricant to the indwelling urinary catheter.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Use one cotton swab to clean the client's urinary meatus: Multiple cotton swabs should be used to clean in a systematic manner to maintain asepsis.

B. Don sterile gloves before inserting the indwelling urinary catheter. Sterile technique is essential to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) during catheter insertion.

C. Test the balloon on the indwelling urinary catheter before insertion: Pretesting the balloon is unnecessary and may compromise sterility or damage the balloon.

D. Apply an oil-based lubricant to the indwelling urinary catheter: Only water-based lubricants should be used to prevent catheter damage or client harm.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Peripheral edema: While peripheral edema can occur in late stages of COPD due to cor pulmonale, it is not a direct or early sign.

B. Barrel chest: A barrel chest is a classic finding in clients with COPD due to air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs.

C. Spoon nails: Spoon nails (koilonychia) are associated with iron deficiency anemia, not COPD.

D. Pleural friction rub: Pleural friction rub is associated with pleuritis, not COPD.

A. Overflow incontinence B. Stress incontinence C. Urge incontinence D. Reflex incontinence

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Overflow incontinence: This occurs when the bladder is overfilled, causing involuntary dribbling, often due to bladder outlet obstruction or detrusor muscle underactivity.

B. Stress incontinence: Stress incontinence occurs when increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., sneezing, coughing, laughing) causes leakage of urine due to weakened pelvic floor muscles.

C. Urge incontinence: Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate due to bladder muscle overactivity, unrelated to sneezing or coughing.

D. Reflex incontinence: Reflex incontinence occurs due to neurologic impairment, leading to involuntary loss of urine without awareness of the need to void.

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