A nurse is preparing to infuse 1 liter of 0.9% sodium chloride IV over 8 hr with a tubing set that delivers 15 gtts/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many drops/min? Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because marijuana is a psychoactive substance that affects the central nervous system and can cause euphoria, relaxation, altered perception, and impaired memory. It does not cause tachycardia, hypertension, or vasoconstriction in pregnant women or their fetuses.

Choice B Reason: This is correct because cocaine is a stimulant substance that affects the cardiovascular system and can cause tachycardia, hypertension, vasoconstriction, arrhythmias, and ischemia in pregnant women or their fetuses. It can also increase the risk of placental abruption, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal death.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because nicotine is a stimulant substance that affects the respiratory system and can cause bronchodilation, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure in pregnant women or their fetuses. However, it does not cause vasoconstriction, but rather vasodilation.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because caffeine is a stimulant substance that affects the central nervous system and can cause alertness, insomnia, anxiety, and increased urine output in pregnant women or their fetuses. It does not cause tachycardia, hypertension, or vasoconstriction in moderate doses.

Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because heroin is an opioid substance that affects the central nervous system and can cause euphoria, sedation, analgesia, and respiratory depression in pregnant women or their fetuses. It does not cause tachycardia, hypertension, or vasoconstriction.

Choice A Reason: Linea nigra is a dark vertical line that appears on the abdomen of some pregnant women. It is caused by increased melanin production and usually fades after delivery.

Choice B Reason: Pica is a condition in which a person has an abnormal desire to eat substances that are not food, such as ice, clay, dirt, or chalk. It is more common in pregnant women and may indicate a deficiency in iron or other nutrients.

Choice C Reason: Ballottement is a technique of palpating a floating structure by bouncing it gently and feeling it rebound. In obstetrics, it can be used to detect the presence of the fetus by feeling its head move when the cervix is tapped.

Choice D Reason: Quickening is the first perception of fetal movements by the pregnant woman. It usually occurs between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation.