A nurse is preparing to assist with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which of the following pieces of equipment should the nurse set up in the room prior to the treatment? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason:
Developmental theories focus on the progression of human growth and development through various stages of life. While these theories are important in understanding patient behavior and needs, they do not directly relate to the implementation of a privilege system in an inpatient unit. Privilege systems are more aligned with behavioral theories, which emphasize the modification of behavior through reinforcement and consequences.

Choice B reason:
Humanistic theories emphasize the individual’s capacity for self-actualization and personal growth. These theories focus on the holistic development of the person and the importance of empathy and unconditional positive regard in therapeutic relationships. Although humanistic approaches are valuable in mental health care, they do not specifically address the structured reinforcement strategies used in privilege systems.

Choice C reason:
Cognitive theories focus on the role of thought processes in influencing emotions and behaviors. These theories are crucial in understanding and treating mental health conditions, particularly through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). However, the privilege system, which relies on tangible rewards and consequences to shape behavior, is more closely related to behavioral theories rather than cognitive ones.

Choice D reason:
Behavioral theories are directly related to the use of a privilege system. These theories emphasize the use of reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior. In an inpatient setting, a privilege system is used to encourage desirable behaviors by providing rewards (privileges) and discouraging undesirable behaviors through the removal of privileges. This approach is grounded in the principles of operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral theories.

Choice A reason:
Fasting blood glucose of 120 mg/dL is slightly elevated but does not contraindicate the use of chlorpromazine. This medication is primarily contraindicated in conditions that affect the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, or blood cell counts. Elevated blood glucose levels should be monitored, but they do not pose an immediate risk when starting chlorpromazine.

Choice B reason:
Hypertension is a condition that requires careful monitoring when a patient is on chlorpromazine, but it is not an absolute contraindication. Chlorpromazine can cause orthostatic hypotension, so blood pressure should be monitored regularly. However, hypertension alone does not prevent the use of this medication.

Choice C reason:
Asthma is not a contraindication for chlorpromazine. While respiratory conditions should be monitored, chlorpromazine does not have a direct adverse effect on asthma. The primary concerns with chlorpromazine involve its effects on the central nervous system and blood cell counts.

Choice D reason:
A WBC count of 3,300/mm³ indicates leukopenia, which is a significant contraindication for chlorpromazine. This medication can cause agranulocytosis, a severe reduction in white blood cells, making patients more susceptible to infections. Therefore, a low WBC count is a critical factor in deciding against the use of chlorpromazine.