A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin 50 mg IV bolus to a client Who has a seizure disorder. The medication is supplied as a 50 mg/mL vial. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Dilute the medication with sterile water before injecting.
Administer the medication over 1 min.
Follow the IV injection with sterile water.
Slow the injection if the medication crystallizes.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Diluting phenytoin with sterile water before injecting is not recommended, as phenytoin is incompatible with most used diluents. Diluting it can lead to precipitation and potentially cause adverse effects such as tissue irritation and phlebitis.
B. Administering the medication over 1 min is recommended. Phenytoin should be administered at a rate of 50mg/min.
C. Following the IV injection with sterile water is unnecessary and not indicated for administering phenytoin.
D. Phenytoin precipitates out of solution when mixed with certain diluents or when administered too quickly. Crystallized phenytoin can cause local irritation, tissue damage, and potentially more serious adverse effects. Therefore, it should not be administered at all.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Miosis, or constriction of the pupil, is a common side effect of opioid analgesics like nalbuphine.
A. Oliguria, or decreased urine output, is not a common adverse effect of opioids
B. Constipation is a more common gastrointestinal side effect of opioid analgesics.
D. Nalbuphine is an opioid analgesic that helps relieve pain including joint pain. Joint pain is not as adverse effect of nalbuphine
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that increases the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Metoclopramide helps accelerate gastric emptying and promotes movement of food through the digestive system. This action can alleviate symptoms of nausea and vomiting by reducing the likelihood of food staying in the stomach for an extended period, which can contribute to feelings of discomfort.
A. Metoclopramide does not increase or decrease gastric acid secretions.
C. Metoclopramide accelerates peristalsis or the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract.
D. Metoclopramide increases muscle tone and GI motility
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