A nurse is preparing to administer diphenhydramine to a client who is to receive a blood transfusion. The nurse should explain that the purpose diphenhydramine is to prevent which of the following manifestations of a transfusion reaction?
Low-back pain
Fever
Dyspnea
Urticaria
The Correct Answer is D
A) Low-back pain:
Low-back pain is not typically associated with transfusion reactions. While certain complications of blood transfusions, such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) or hemolytic reactions, can cause back pain, diphenhydramine is not specifically administered to prevent this manifestation.
B) Fever:
Fever can be a manifestation of various transfusion reactions, including febrile non-hemolytic reactions or bacterial contamination of blood products. However, diphenhydramine is not typically administered to prevent fever associated with transfusion reactions. Instead, measures such as leukoreduction of blood products or premedication with acetaminophen may be used to reduce the risk of febrile reactions.
C) Dyspnea:
Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, can occur in severe transfusion reactions such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) or anaphylaxis. While diphenhydramine may be part of the treatment for anaphylaxis, it is not specifically administered to prevent dyspnea associated with transfusion reactions.
D) Urticaria.
Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a common manifestation of an allergic transfusion reaction. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine medication that can help prevent or alleviate allergic reactions, including urticaria, by blocking the action of histamine, a substance released during allergic reactions. Administering diphenhydramine before a blood transfusion is a preventive measure to reduce the risk of allergic transfusion reactions, including urticaria.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D"]
Explanation
A. Diabetes: Diabetes is not typically a contraindication for decongestant use. However, patients with diabetes should be cautious with decongestants that contain sugar or other ingredients that may affect blood glucose levels.
B. Hypertension: Decongestants can cause vasoconstriction, which may lead to an increase in blood pressure. Patients with hypertension should use decongestants cautiously and under the guidance of a healthcare provider to avoid exacerbating their condition.
C. Hyperthyroidism: While decongestants can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and may exacerbate symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as tachycardia and palpitations, hyperthyroidism is not typically considered a contraindication for decongestant use. However, patients with hyperthyroidism should use decongestants cautiously and consult with their healthcare provider.
D. Heart disease: Decongestants can increase heart rate and blood pressure, potentially exacerbating symptoms in patients with underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias. Patients with heart disease should use decongestants cautiously and consult with their healthcare provider before use.
E. Allergic rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis is not typically a contraindication for decongestant use. In fact, decongestants are often used to relieve nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis. However, patients with allergic rhinitis should use decongestants cautiously and follow the recommended dosage instructions.
Correct Answer is ["28"]
Explanation
To calculate the IV infusion rate in drops per minute (gtt/min), you can use the following formula:
IV infusion rate (gtt/min) =(Total volume (mL)×Drop factor (gtt/mL)) / Total time (min)
Given:
Total volume = 1000 mL
Drop factor = 10 gtt/mL
Total time = 6 hours = 6 hours × 60 minutes/hour = 360 minutes
Substitute the given values into the formula:
IV infusion rate (gtt/min) = (1000mL×10gtt/mL)/360 min
IV infusion rate (gtt/min) = 10,000/360
IV infusion rate (gtt/min)≈27.78gtt/min
Rounding to the nearest whole number, the IV infusion rate is approximately 28 gtt/min
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