A nurse is preparing an educational program about client confidentiality. The nurse should explain that nurses may share a client’s protected health information with which individuals?
The client’s immediate family members
The facility’s administrators
Health care team members caring for the client
Clergy affiliated with the facility
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
The client’s immediate family members may not always have the right to access the client’s protected health information (PHI) unless the client has given explicit consent. Confidentiality laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, are designed to protect the privacy of patients’ health information. These laws generally require that PHI be shared only with individuals who are directly involved in the patient’s care or who have been authorized by the patient. Therefore, while family members may be involved in the patient’s care, they do not automatically have the right to access PHI without the patient’s consent.
Choice B Reason:
The facility’s administrators typically do not need access to a specific client’s PHI unless it is necessary for administrative purposes related to the patient’s care or for compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Administrators are generally more involved in the overall management and operation of the healthcare facility rather than in the direct care of individual patients. Sharing PHI with administrators without a valid reason could violate confidentiality laws and the patient’s right to privacy.
Choice C Reason:
Health care team members caring for the client are directly involved in the patient’s care and, therefore, have a legitimate need to access the client’s PHI. This includes doctors, nurses, therapists, and other healthcare professionals who are providing treatment, coordinating care, or ensuring the patient’s well-being. Sharing PHI with these individuals is essential for delivering safe and effective care, and it is permitted under confidentiality laws such as HIPAA.
Choice D Reason:
Clergy affiliated with the facility may provide spiritual support to patients, but they do not typically have a legitimate need to access the client’s PHI unless the patient has given explicit consent. While spiritual care is an important aspect of holistic healthcare, it does not require access to detailed medical information. Therefore, sharing PHI with clergy without the patient’s consent would generally be considered a violation of confidentiality laws.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Encouraging coughing and deep breathing is important for postoperative care to prevent complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia. However, with an oxygen saturation of 85%, the immediate priority is to address the client’s hypoxemia. Once oxygen levels are stabilized, coughing and deep breathing exercises can be encouraged.
Choice B reason: Elevating the client to a high Fowler’s position can help improve lung expansion and ease breathing. While this is a beneficial intervention, it is not the first priority when the client’s oxygen saturation is critically low. Administering oxygen should be the initial step to quickly improve oxygenation.
Choice C reason: Administering prescribed analgesic medication is essential for managing the client’s pain, which can also help improve breathing patterns. However, pain management should follow the immediate correction of hypoxemia. Ensuring adequate oxygenation takes precedence over pain relief in this scenario.
Choice D reason: Administering oxygen at 2 L/min is the first action the nurse should take. With an oxygen saturation of 85%, the client is experiencing significant hypoxemia, which needs to be corrected promptly to prevent further complications. Oxygen therapy will help increase the oxygen levels in the blood and improve the client’s overall condition.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Retrieving the blood from the laboratory and running each unit at an 8-hour rate is not appropriate. According to transfusion guidelines, blood products should be infused within 4 hours to prevent bacterial growth and reduce the risk of transfusion-related complications1. Infusing blood over 8 hours increases the risk of these complications.
Choice B Reason:
Notifying the laboratory to split the unit into 2 and then infusing each half for 4 hours is also not ideal. While this approach might seem to address the time constraint, it is not a standard practice and could lead to issues with blood product integrity and patient safety2. Blood products are typically not split unless there are specific protocols in place, and this is not a common intervention for managing infusion rates.
Choice C Reason:
Calling the HCP to question the order is the correct intervention. Blood transfusions must be completed within 4 hours to ensure patient safety and maintain the integrity of the blood product3. The nurse should advocate for the patient by questioning any orders that do not align with established guidelines and best practices.
Choice D Reason:
Infusing each unit for 8 hours is incorrect. The maximum duration for infusing a unit of blood is 4 hours4. Extending the infusion time beyond this limit increases the risk of complications such as bacterial contamination and reduced efficacy of the blood product.
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