A nurse is preparing a presentation at a senior center about age-related musculoskeletal changes. Which of the following changes should the nurse plan to include?

Reduced chest width

Increased force of isometric contraction

Decreased muscle mass

Thickened vertebral discs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

Reduced chest width: Aging does not typically result in a reduced chest width. Instead, changes in posture and the curvature of the spine can make the chest appear less prominent. The primary musculoskeletal changes with aging involve bone density, muscle mass, and joint flexibility

Choice B reason:

Increased force of isometric contraction: This is incorrect. Aging is associated with a decrease in muscle strength and mass, not an increase. The force of muscle contractions generally diminishes with age due to the loss of muscle fibers and changes in muscle composition.

Choice C reason:

Decreased muscle mass: This is correct. One of the most significant age-related musculoskeletal changes is sarcopenia, which is the loss of muscle mass and strength. This process begins around the age of 30 and accelerates with age, leading to decreased physical strength and increased risk of falls and fractures.

Choice D reason:

Thickened vertebral discs: Aging typically leads to the thinning and dehydration of intervertebral discs, not thickening. This can result in a reduction in height and increased susceptibility to spinal issues such as herniated discs and spinal stenosis.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Clean clothing is necessary for maintaining hygiene and comfort in disaster situations. Limited access to laundry facilities makes having extra clothing essential for preventing infections and staying dry in extreme weather.

Choice B reason:

Personal identification is crucial during emergencies to access aid, medical services, and shelters. Important documents such as passports or insurance cards help verify identity and facilitate assistance.

Choice C reason:

Three quarts of water per person is not the recommended amount. The standard guideline advises one gallon of water per person per day to meet hydration and sanitation needs, ensuring sufficient supply in prolonged emergencies.

Choice D reason:

Matches are useful for starting fires needed for cooking, warmth, and signaling for help. Waterproof matches or lighters should be included to ensure functionality in wet conditions.

Choice E reason:

Prescription medications are vital for those with chronic health conditions. Having a sufficient supply ensures continuity of treatment, especially when pharmacies may be inaccessible during disasters.

A. Flu-like symptoms and night sweats B. Fungal and bacterial infections C. Pneumocystis lung infection D. Kaposi’s sarcoma

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats

The initial symptoms of HIV infection often resemble those of the flu. These symptoms, known as acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) or primary HIV infection, typically occur within 2 to 4 weeks after the virus enters the body. Common symptoms include fever, chills, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash. These symptoms are the body’s natural response to the virus and indicate that the immune system is reacting to the infection. Night sweats, in particular, are a common symptom during the early stages of HIV infection.

Choice B reason: Fungal and bacterial infections

Fungal and bacterial infections are more commonly associated with later stages of HIV infection, particularly when the immune system has been significantly weakened. As HIV progresses and the immune system deteriorates, individuals become more susceptible to opportunistic infections, which are infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems. These infections are not typically seen in the initial stages of HIV infection.

Choice C reason: Pneumocystis lung infection

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a serious infection that occurs in people with weakened immune systems, including those with advanced HIV/AIDS. It is caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. PCP is not an initial symptom of HIV infection but rather a complication that can arise when the immune system is severely compromised. This infection is more indicative of the later stages of HIV, particularly when the CD4 cell count drops significantly.

Choice D reason: Kaposi’s sarcoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma is a type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. It is caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and is commonly associated with advanced HIV infection or AIDS. Kaposi’s sarcoma presents as purple, red, or brown blotches or tumors on the skin and can also affect internal organs. This condition is not an initial symptom of HIV infection but rather a manifestation of severe immune system damage in the later stages of the disease.

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A nurse is preparing a presentation at a senior center about age-related musculoskeletal changes. Which of the following changes should the nurse plan to include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating community members about how to prepare for a disaster. Which of the following items should be included in a disaster preparedness kit? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Choice B reason:

Choice C reason:

Choice D reason:

Choice E reason:

A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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