A nurse is planning to teach a group of nurses about the uses of mannitol. Which of the following client conditions is an indication for administering this medication?

A client who has deep-vein thrombosis

A client who has heart failure

A client who has increased intraocular pressure

A client who has an intracranial bleed

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. Mannitol is often used to reduce intraocular pressure in conditions such as acute glaucoma or before ophthalmic surgery. It works by creating an osmotic gradient that draws fluid out of the eye, reducing pressure and protecting optic nerve function.

A Deep-vein thrombosis requires anticoagulation therapy to prevent clot propagation and embolization, not osmotic diuretics like mannitol.

B. Heart failure management focuses on improving cardiac function and relieving symptoms such as fluid overload through medications like diuretics (e.g., furosemide), ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers, not osmotic diuretics like mannitol.

D. Mannitol is used to reduce intracranial pressure in conditions such as traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain tumors. By increasing serum osmolality, mannitol draws water out of brain tissue, reducing cerebral edema and intracranial pressure. However, it is important to note that mannitol should not be used in cases of active intracranial bleeding except during craniotomy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Diarrhea is one of the most common adverse effects of clindamycin. It can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by abdominal cramping, bloating, and occasionally fever. This occurs due to the disruption of the normal gut flora by clindamycin, leading to overgrowth of Clostridium difficile or other bacteria.

A. Clindamycin primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract and can cause gastrointestinal disturbances rather than cardiovascular effects like hypertension.

B. While agitation is a possible adverse effect of medications, including antibiotics, it is not commonly associated with clindamycin. Clindamycin does not typically affect the central nervous system to cause agitation.

D. Blurred vision is not a typical adverse effect of clindamycin. It is important to assess this symptom further, as it may indicate another underlying condition or medication effect that needs evaluation.

A. Advise the client to take the medication before bedtime. B. Advise the client to restrict potassium intake. C. Advise the client to change positions slowly. D. Monitor the client for dysrhythmias. E. Check the client for orthostatic hypotension.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

C. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide can cause orthostatic hypotension, which may contribute to the client's symptoms of dizziness and light-headedness upon standing. Advising the client to change positions slowly can help mitigate these symptoms by allowing the body time to adjust to changes in posture and blood pressure.
D. Thiazide diuretics can alter electrolyte levels, including potassium, which is critical for normal cardiac function. Although the client's potassium level (3.4 mEq/L) is within the normal range, ongoing

monitoring for potential dysrhythmias is prudent due to the electrolyte-altering effects of hydrochlorothiazide.
E. Given the client's report of dizziness and light-headedness upon standing, checking for orthostatic hypotension is important. Thiazide diuretics can cause volume depletion and subsequent orthostatic hypotension, especially in older adults. Assessing blood pressure and symptoms in supine and standing positions will help evaluate for orthostatic changes.
A. This is not typically recommended for hydrochlorothiazide. It is usually advised to take this medication in the morning to avoid nighttime diuresis and nocturia. Therefore, this action is not appropriate.
B. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urine output. Restricting potassium intake is not typically necessary unless potassium levels drop significantly below the normal range. Given that the client's potassium level is within the normal range (3.4 mEq/L), advising strict potassium restriction is not indicated at this time.

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A nurse is planning to teach a group of nurses about the uses of mannitol. Which of the following client conditions is an indication for administering this medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving clindamycin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Exhibits What actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

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