A nurse is planning to obtain blood from a newborn via a heel stick. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Puncture the heel to a depth of 4 mm to obtain the specimen.

Withhold feeding prior to collecting the specimen.

Apply a heat pack 5 to 10 minutes prior to the procedure.

Elevate the newborn's foot for 15 minutes following the procedure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The nurse should apply a heat pack 5 to 10 minutes prior to the procedure when planning to obtain blood from a newborn via a heel stick. This helps to increase blood ﬂow to the area and makes it easier to obtain the specimen.

a) Puncturing the heel to a depth of 4 mm is too deep and can cause injury to the newborn. The recommended depth for a heel stick is 2.4 mm or less.

b) Withholding feeding prior to collecting the specimen is not necessary.

d) Elevating the newborn's foot for 15 minutes following the procedure is not necessary.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

As individuals age, there is a natural decline in kidney function. This can result in a reduced ability to filter and excrete medications and their metabolites from the body. The decreased kidney function can lead to a longer half-life of medications, increased drug accumulation, and an increased risk of adverse drug reactions. It is important for the nurse to adjust medication dosages and frequencies based on the individual's renal function to prevent drug toxicity.

Increased liver function: Aging is associated with a gradual decline in liver function. While there may be some individual variations, in general, liver function decreases rather than increases with age. However, changes in liver function can affect the metabolism and elimination of medications. Some medications may require dosage adjustments based on liver function, but it is not a common physiological change in older adults.

Increased metabolism: Aging is generally associated with a decrease in metabolism rather than an increase. The metabolic rate tends to slow down with age, which can affect the pharmacokinetics of medications. Slower metabolism can result in medications taking longer to be metabolized and cleared from the body, potentially leading to prolonged drug effects.

Decreased pulmonary function: While it is true that lung function decreases with age, the impact on medication administration is not as significant compared to kidney function. Medications are usually administered through non-pulmonary routes (e.g., oral, intravenous, transdermal), and decreased pulmonary function primarily affects the absorption of inhaled medications. However, certain respiratory conditions or compromised lung function may influence medication choices or require adjusted dosing.

A. A client who has a new onset of chest pain B. A client who has a tracheostomy C. A client who is receiving enteral feedings D. A client who has urinary retention

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse should identify that caring for a client who has a new onset of chest pain is outside the scope of practice for an LPN. This is a complex and potentially life-threatening situation that requires the assessment and intervention of a registered nurse (RN) or other advanced practice provider.

b) Caring for a client who has a tracheostomy is within the scope of practice for an LPN.

c) Caring for a client who is receiving enteral feedings is within the scope of practice for an LPN.

d) Caring for a client who has urinary retention is within the scope of practice for an LPN.

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A nurse is planning to obtain blood from a newborn via a heel stick. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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