A nurse is planning care for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)
Monitor neurological status.
Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate as prescribed.
Provide oral hygiene frequently.
Restrict sodium intake as prescribed.
Encourage foods high in protein.
Correct Answer : A,D
Choice A reason:
Monitoring neurological status is a priority intervention for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia because these conditions can cause cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, and altered mental status. The nurse should assess the client for signs of confusion, lethargy, seizures, and coma, and report any changes to the provider.
Choice B reason:
Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not indicated for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. This medication is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine. It has no effect on sodium levels or fluid balance.
Choice C reason:
Providing oral hygiene frequently is a supportive intervention for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia, but it is not a priority. Oral hygiene can help prevent dry mouth, infections, and discomfort caused by fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance. However, it does not address the underlying causes or complications of the disorder.
Choice D reason:
Restricting sodium intake as prescribed is an essential intervention for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. Sodium intake can affect the serum sodium level and the fluid balance in the body. Excessive sodium intake can worsen fluid retention and edema, while inadequate sodium intake can exacerbate hyponatremia. The nurse should follow the provider's orders regarding sodium restriction and educate the client on how to avoid high-sodium foods and beverages.
Choice E reason:
Encouraging foods high in protein is not appropriate for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. Protein intake can affect the serum osmolality and the fluid distribution in the body. High-protein foods can increase the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels, drawing more fluid from the interstitial and intracellular spaces. This can worsen overhydration and hyponatremia by diluting the serum sodium level further. The nurse should consult with a dietitian regarding the optimal protein intake for the client.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Jugular vein distension is a sign of fluid overload because it indicates increased pressure in the right atrium and superior vena cava due to excess blood volume.
Choice B reason:
Weight gain of 2 kg in one day is a sign of fluid overload because it reflects fluid retention in the body. A weight gain of 1 kg (2.2 lb) is equivalent to 1 L of fluid.
Choice C reason:
Decreased hematocrit is a sign of fluid overload because it indicates hemodilution or dilution of the blood due to excess fluid in the intravascular space.
Choice D reason:
Bounding pulse is a sign of fluid overload because it reflects increased cardiac output and stroke volume due to excess blood volume.
Choice E reason:
Flat neck veins are not a sign of fluid overload, but rather a sign of fluid deficit or dehydration. In fluid overload, neck veins will be distended or elevated.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Administer magnesium sulfate IV. This is correct because magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for severe hypomagnesemia. It can rapidly increase the blood level of magnesium and correct the symptoms of deficiency.
Choice B reason:
Monitor the client's blood pressure and heart rate. This is incorrect because monitoring vital signs is not a specific intervention for hypomagnesemia. However, it is important to monitor the client for signs of hypotension and bradycardia, which can occur as adverse effects of magnesium sulfate therapy.
Choice C reason:
Encourage the client to increase intake of green leafy vegetables. This is correct because green leafy vegetables are rich sources of dietary magnesium. Increasing the intake of magnesium-rich foods can help prevent or treat mild hypomagnesemia.
Choice D reason:
Prepare to administer calcium gluconate IV. This is incorrect because calcium gluconate is not indicated for hypomagnesemia. Calcium gluconate is used to treat hypocalcemia, which can occur as a complication of hypomagnesemia. However, calcium gluconate should not be given until the magnesium level is corrected, as low magnesium can impair the response to calcium.
Choice E reason:
Assess the client for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign. This is correct because Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign are clinical tests for neuromuscular irritability, which can occur in hypomagnesemia. Chvostek's sign is elicited by tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear and observing for facial twitching. Trousseau's sign is elicited by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic pressure for 3 minutes and observing for carpal spasm.
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