A nurse is planning care for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)

Monitor neurological status.

Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate as prescribed.

Provide oral hygiene frequently.

Restrict sodium intake as prescribed.

Encourage foods high in protein.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

Choice A reason:

Monitoring neurological status is a priority intervention for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia because these conditions can cause cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, and altered mental status. The nurse should assess the client for signs of confusion, lethargy, seizures, and coma, and report any changes to the provider.

Choice B reason:

Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not indicated for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. This medication is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine. It has no effect on sodium levels or fluid balance.

Choice C reason:

Providing oral hygiene frequently is a supportive intervention for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia, but it is not a priority. Oral hygiene can help prevent dry mouth, infections, and discomfort caused by fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance. However, it does not address the underlying causes or complications of the disorder.

Choice D reason:

Restricting sodium intake as prescribed is an essential intervention for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. Sodium intake can affect the serum sodium level and the fluid balance in the body. Excessive sodium intake can worsen fluid retention and edema, while inadequate sodium intake can exacerbate hyponatremia. The nurse should follow the provider's orders regarding sodium restriction and educate the client on how to avoid high-sodium foods and beverages.

Choice E reason:

Encouraging foods high in protein is not appropriate for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. Protein intake can affect the serum osmolality and the fluid distribution in the body. High-protein foods can increase the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels, drawing more fluid from the interstitial and intracellular spaces. This can worsen overhydration and hyponatremia by diluting the serum sodium level further. The nurse should consult with a dietitian regarding the optimal protein intake for the client.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

The client reports increased thirst. This is not an indication that the medication was effective, because increased thirst can be a sign of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance caused by excessive diuresis. Furosemide can cause loss of water and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride in the urine.

Choice B reason:

The client's urine output is 250 mL/hr. This is an indication that the medication was effective, because furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and water in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in increased urine output and decreased fluid volume. A normal urine output is about 30 to 60 mL/hr, so a urine output of 250 mL/hr indicates a significant diuretic effect.

Choice C reason:

The client's heart rate is 100/min. This is not an indication that the medication was effective, because a high heart rate can be a sign of hypovolemia, hypotension, or cardiac stress caused by furosemide. Furosemide can lower the blood pressure and reduce the preload and afterload on the heart, but it can also trigger compensatory mechanisms such as increased sympathetic activity and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, which can increase the heart rate.

Choice D reason:

The client's weight is unchanged. This is not an indication that the medication was effective, because weight loss is expected with furosemide therapy due to fluid removal. Furosemide can cause a rapid and significant reduction in fluid volume, which can be measured by daily weight changes. A weight loss of 1 kg corresponds to a fluid loss of about 1 L.

A. Provides free water and replaces electrolytes. B. Expands intravascular volume and replaces electrolytes. C. Pulls fluid into the vascular space from the cells. D. Moves fluid into the cells to replace cellular dehydration.

Correct Answer is B

No explanation

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has overhydration and hyponatremia. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)

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