The nurse is preparing to hang a bag of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) for a patient who has hyponatremia. The nurse knows that this type of solution is:

Hypotonic and will move fluid out of the vascular space.

Hypertonic and will move fluid into the vascular space.

Isotonic and will expand the vascular space.

Isotonic and will have no effect on fluid movement.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution, not a hypotonic one. Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma and do not cause fluid movement across the cell membrane.

Choice B reason:

This is incorrect because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution, not a hypertonic one. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than blood plasma and cause fluid to move out of the cells and into the vascular space.

Choice C reason:

This is correct because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution that will expand the vascular space by adding fluid without changing the concentration of solutes. This is useful for patients with hyponatremia (low sodium level in the blood) who need to restore their fluid and electrolyte balance.

Choice D reason:

This is incorrect because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution that will expand the vascular space by adding fluid without changing the concentration of solutes. It will not have no effect on fluid movement, as it will increase the intravascular volume.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pneumothorax: This is a condition where air accumulates in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. It can occur during insertion of a central venous catheter if the needle or catheter punctures the lung or the pleura.

Choice B reason:. Air embolism. This is a condition where air bubbles enter the bloodstream and obstruct blood flow. It can occur during insertion, removal or maintenance of a central venous catheter if air enters the catheter or the vein.

Choice C reason:. Catheter-related bloodstream infection. This is an infection that occurs when microorganisms colonize the catheter or the insertion site and enter the bloodstream. It can cause fever, chills, sepsis and other serious complications. It can be prevented by using strict aseptic technique and following infection control guidelines.

Choice D reason:. Catheter occlusion. This is a condition where the catheter lumen becomes blocked by blood clots, fibrin sheaths, precipitates or kinks. It can impair the infusion or withdrawal of fluids and medications. It can be prevented by flushing the catheter regularly with saline or heparin solutions.

Choice E reason: Hematoma formation. This is a condition where blood accumulates under the skin or in the tissues around the insertion site. It can occur due to bleeding from the punctured vein or artery, or from trauma to the site. It can cause pain, swelling, bruising and infection.

A. Serum glucose 600 mg/dL. B. Serum bicarbonate 28 mEq/L. C. Serum potassium 2.5 mEq/L. D. Serum sodium 150 mEq/L.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Serum glucose 600 mg/dL. This is an expected finding for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) DKA results from a deficiency of insulin, which leads to hyperglycemia and ketosis. The normal range for serum glucose is 70 to 110 mg/dL.

Choice B reason:

Serum bicarbonate 28 mEq/L. This is not an expected finding for a client who has DKA. A client who has DKA experiences ketosis, which results in ketones in the urine and blood. The nurse should expect a client who has DKA to have an HCO3- less than 15 mEq/L. This decreased value is due to an increased production of ketones, which results in metabolic acidosis. The normal range for serum bicarbonate is 22 to 26 mEq/L.

Choice C reason:

Serum potassium 2.5 mEq/L. This is not an expected finding for a client who has DKA. A client who has DKA experiences osmotic diuresis and subsequent dehydration, which can cause electrolyte imbalances. The nurse should expect a client who has DKA to have elevated serum potassium levels due to the movement of potassium from the intracellular to the extracellular space in response to acidosis. The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L.

Choice D reason:

Serum sodium 150 mEq/L. This is not an expected finding for a client who has DKA. A client who has DKA experiences osmotic diuresis and subsequent dehydration, which can cause electrolyte imbalances. The nurse should expect a client who has DKA to have decreased serum sodium levels due to the dilutional effect of excess glucose in the blood. The normal range for serum sodium is 136 to 145 mEq/L.

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The nurse is preparing to hang a bag of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) for a patient who has hyponatremia. The nurse knows that this type of solution is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is monitoring a patient who has a central venous catheter in place for signs of complications. Which of the following are potential complications of central venous catheters? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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