A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis and is receiving sodium chloride and potassium chloride IV fluids. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications of this therapy?

Hypernatremia.

Hypokalemia.

Hyperchloremic acidosis.

Hypochloremic alkalosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

Hypernatremia is not a likely complication of sodium chloride and potassium chloride IV fluids, because these fluids do not contain excessive amounts of sodium. Hypernatremia is more likely to occur with hypertonic saline solutions or excessive sodium intake.

Choice B reason:

Hypokalemia is not a likely complication of sodium chloride and potassium chloride IV fluids, because these fluids contain potassium, which can help prevent or correct hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is more likely to occur with diuretic therapy, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Choice C reason:

Hyperchloremic acidosis is a likely complication of sodium chloride and potassium chloride IV fluids, because these fluids can increase the serum chloride level and lower the serum bicarbonate level, resulting in a metabolic acidosis. Hyperchloremic acidosis can also worsen the client's existing metabolic alkalosis by impairing the renal excretion of hydrogen ions.

Choice D reason:

Hypochloremic alkalosis is not a likely complication of sodium chloride and potassium chloride IV fluids, because these fluids do not cause a loss of chloride or an increase in bicarbonate. Hypochloremic alkalosis is more likely to occur with vomiting, gastric suctioning, or diuretic therapy.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Furosemide is a potassium-wasting diuretic that may reduce the potassium level in your blood. To counteract the loss of potassium, you should try to eat enough potassium-rich foods in your diet. Some examples of potassium-rich foods include bananas, orange juice, apricots, acorn squash, butternut squash, Hubbard squash, prunes, raisins, and bran products.

Choice B reason:

Furosemide is used to treat high blood pressure and edema by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine. To enhance the effect of furosemide and prevent fluid retention, you should decrease intake of foods high in sodium. Some examples of sodium-rich foods include processed meats, canned soups, pickles, cheese, salted nuts, and snack foods.

Choice C reason:

Furosemide does not affect the calcium level in your blood significantly. Therefore, there is no need to increase intake of foods high in calcium when taking furosemide. However, you should still consume adequate amounts of calcium for your bone health and other functions. Some examples of calcium-rich foods include milk, yogurt, cheese, broccoli, kale, and fortified cereals.

Choice D reason:

Furosemide does not affect the protein level in your blood significantly. Therefore, there is no need to decrease intake of foods high in protein when taking furosemide. However, you should still consume moderate amounts of protein for your muscle health and other functions. Some examples of protein-rich foods include eggs, fish, poultry, meat, beans, nuts, and seeds.

Choice E reason:

Furosemide can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance by increasing urine output. Therefore, you should increase intake of fluids as tolerated to prevent these complications. You should drink enough water to keep your urine clear or pale yellow. You should also avoid alcohol and caffeine as they can worsen dehydration.

A. Pneumothorax. B. Air embolism. C. Catheter-related bloodstream infection. D. Catheter occlusion. E. Hematoma formation.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pneumothorax: This is a condition where air accumulates in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. It can occur during insertion of a central venous catheter if the needle or catheter punctures the lung or the pleura.

Choice B reason:. Air embolism. This is a condition where air bubbles enter the bloodstream and obstruct blood flow. It can occur during insertion, removal or maintenance of a central venous catheter if air enters the catheter or the vein.

Choice C reason:. Catheter-related bloodstream infection. This is an infection that occurs when microorganisms colonize the catheter or the insertion site and enter the bloodstream. It can cause fever, chills, sepsis and other serious complications. It can be prevented by using strict aseptic technique and following infection control guidelines.

Choice D reason:. Catheter occlusion. This is a condition where the catheter lumen becomes blocked by blood clots, fibrin sheaths, precipitates or kinks. It can impair the infusion or withdrawal of fluids and medications. It can be prevented by flushing the catheter regularly with saline or heparin solutions.

Choice E reason: Hematoma formation. This is a condition where blood accumulates under the skin or in the tissues around the insertion site. It can occur due to bleeding from the punctured vein or artery, or from trauma to the site. It can cause pain, swelling, bruising and infection.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis and is receiving sodium chloride and potassium chloride IV fluids. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications of this therapy?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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Explanation

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