A nurse is administering dextrose 10% in water (D10W) to a patient who needs some nutrition with glucose. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
Monitor blood glucose levels.
Check for signs of phlebitis at the IV site.
Assess for fluid overload.
Evaluate serum sodium levels.
Observe for signs of hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason:
The nurse should monitor blood glucose levels because dextrose 10% in water (D10W) is a hypertonic solution that contains glucose and can raise the blood sugar level of the patient. The nurse should check the blood glucose level before and after administering D10W to prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
Choice B reason:
The nurse should check for signs of phlebitis at the IV site because D10W is acidic and can cause venous irritation. Phlebitis is inflammation of the vein that can result from chemical, mechanical or bacterial causes. Signs of phlebitis include pain, redness, swelling, warmth and tenderness at the IV site.
Choice C reason:
The nurse should assess for fluid overload because D10W is quickly metabolized, leaving behind water that can move into the interstitial space. Fluid overload can cause edema, dyspnea, crackles, distended neck veins, increased blood pressure and decreased urine output. The nurse should monitor the intake and output, vital signs, weight and breath sounds of the patient.
Choice D reason:
The nurse does not need to evaluate serum sodium levels because D10W does not contain sodium or affect the sodium balance of the patient. D10W is used to provide some nutrition with glucose, not to correct electrolyte imbalances.
Choice E reason:
The nurse does not need to observe for signs of hypoglycemia because D10W is unlikely to cause hypoglycemia unless there is a sudden interruption or discontinuation of the infusion. Hypoglycemia is a low blood sugar level that can cause shakiness, diaphoresis, confusion, weakness, hunger and headache. The nurse should monitor the blood glucose level and administer D10W at a steady rate to prevent hypoglycemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Administer magnesium sulfate IV. This is correct because magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for severe hypomagnesemia. It can rapidly increase the blood level of magnesium and correct the symptoms of deficiency.
Choice B reason:
Monitor the client's blood pressure and heart rate. This is incorrect because monitoring vital signs is not a specific intervention for hypomagnesemia. However, it is important to monitor the client for signs of hypotension and bradycardia, which can occur as adverse effects of magnesium sulfate therapy.
Choice C reason:
Encourage the client to increase intake of green leafy vegetables. This is correct because green leafy vegetables are rich sources of dietary magnesium. Increasing the intake of magnesium-rich foods can help prevent or treat mild hypomagnesemia.
Choice D reason:
Prepare to administer calcium gluconate IV. This is incorrect because calcium gluconate is not indicated for hypomagnesemia. Calcium gluconate is used to treat hypocalcemia, which can occur as a complication of hypomagnesemia. However, calcium gluconate should not be given until the magnesium level is corrected, as low magnesium can impair the response to calcium.
Choice E reason:
Assess the client for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign. This is correct because Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign are clinical tests for neuromuscular irritability, which can occur in hypomagnesemia. Chvostek's sign is elicited by tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear and observing for facial twitching. Trousseau's sign is elicited by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic pressure for 3 minutes and observing for carpal spasm.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Jugular vein distension is a sign of fluid overload because it indicates increased pressure in the right atrium and superior vena cava due to excess blood volume.
Choice B reason:
Weight gain of 2 kg in one day is a sign of fluid overload because it reflects fluid retention in the body. A weight gain of 1 kg (2.2 lb) is equivalent to 1 L of fluid.
Choice C reason:
Decreased hematocrit is a sign of fluid overload because it indicates hemodilution or dilution of the blood due to excess fluid in the intravascular space.
Choice D reason:
Bounding pulse is a sign of fluid overload because it reflects increased cardiac output and stroke volume due to excess blood volume.
Choice E reason:
Flat neck veins are not a sign of fluid overload, but rather a sign of fluid deficit or dehydration. In fluid overload, neck veins will be distended or elevated.
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