A nurse is planning care for a child who has mumps.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the plan?

A. Trust vs. mistrust: This stage occurs from birth to 18 months. Infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their needs. If caregivers are consistent and reliable, infants develop a sense of trust.
B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: This stage occurs from 18 months to 3 years. Toddlers learn to do things independently. Success leads to autonomy, while failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
C. Initiative vs. guilt: This stage occurs from 3 to 5 years. Children begin to assert control and power over their environment. Success leads to a sense of initiative, while failure results in guilt.
D. Industry vs. inferiority: This stage occurs from 6 to 11 years. Children learn to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.

E. Identity vs. role confusion: This stage occurs from 12 to 18 years. Adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Success leads to a strong identity, while failure results in role confusion.

The correct answer is Choice B.

Choice A rationale

Mummy restraints, also known as swaddling, involve wrapping the infant’s body in a blanket to restrict movement. While this method can be used to calm and secure infants during certain procedures, it is not appropriate for postoperative care following cleft lip and palate repair.

Mummy restraints do not prevent the infant from touching the surgical site and may cause discomfort.

Choice B rationale

Elbow restraints are the appropriate choice for an infant postoperative following cleft lip and palate repair. These restraints prevent the infant from bending their arms and touching or damaging the surgical site. Elbow restraints allow for some movement and circulation while ensuring the surgical area remains protected during the healing process. They are commonly used in pediatric postoperative care to prevent self-injury.

Choice C rationale

Jacket restraints involve securing the infant’s torso to prevent movement. While jacket restraints can be used in certain situations to ensure safety, they are not suitable for postoperative care following cleft lip and palate repair. Jacket restraints do not specifically prevent the infant from touching the surgical site and may cause unnecessary restriction and discomfort.

Choice D rationale

Wrist restraints involve securing the infant’s wrists to prevent movement. While wrist restraints can be used to prevent self-injury, they are not the best choice for postoperative care following cleft lip and palate repair. Wrist restraints may not effectively prevent the infant from reaching the surgical site and can cause discomfort and distress. .