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A nurse is performing an assessment for a newborn and notes breast tissue that has a flat areola with no bud. The nurse should identify that this finding indicates which of the following conditions?

A.

Preterm gestational age.

B.

Decreased maternal hormones during pregnancy.

C.

Congenital anomaly.

D.

Ambiguous secondary sex characteristics.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale: Flat areola without breast bud indicates immature breast tissue development, a marker of preterm gestational age due to incomplete fetal maturation of secondary sexual characteristics.

Choice B rationale: Maternal hormones influence neonatal breast tissue temporarily, but absence of bud reflects developmental immaturity rather than decreased maternal hormones during pregnancy.

Choice C rationale: Congenital anomalies involve structural malformations, not absence of breast bud, which is a normal developmental stage in preterm infants rather than a pathological anomaly.

Choice D rationale: Ambiguous secondary sex characteristics refer to atypical genital or pubertal development, not neonatal breast tissue maturity, making this unrelated to the flat areola finding.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is choice C: Verify that informed consent is obtained prior to administration. Choice A rationale: Placing the client in a semi-Fowler’s position is not specifically related to the administration of dinoprostone. This position is often used post-administration to promote comfort and labor progression, but it is not a required action prior to the administration of dinoprostone. Choice B rationale: Instructing the client to avoid urinary elimination until after administration is not necessary. There is no evidence to suggest that retaining urine affects the efficacy or safety of dinoprostone administration. Choice C rationale: Verifying that informed consent is obtained prior to administration is crucial. Dinoprostone, like any medication used to induce labor, carries potential risks and side effects. It is essential that the client is informed about these risks and consents to the procedure before the medication is administered. Choice D rationale: Allowing the medication to reach room temperature prior to administration is not a standard requirement for dinoprostone inserts. Medications have specific storage and administration guidelines that should be followed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and facility protocols.

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Newborn weight of 2.948 kg (6 lb 8 oz) does not place the client at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. Newborn weight is not directly related to the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the mother.

Choice B rationale:

History of uterine atony places the client at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage and refers to the inability of the uterus to contract effectively after childbirth, leading to excessive bleeding.

Choice C rationale:

Labor induction with oxytocin places the client at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. Oxytocin is commonly used to induce labor or augment contractions, but it can cause uterine hyperstimulation, leading to increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Choice D rationale:

History of human papillomavirus (HPV) does not place the client at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection and does not have a direct connection to the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Choice E rationale:

Vacuum-assisted delivery places the client at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. Vacuum assisted delivery involves using a vacuum device to assist in the baby's delivery, and it can cause trauma to the birth canal, leading to increased bleeding risk in the mother.

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