A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs.
The client reports chills, headache, low-back pain, and a feeling of "tightness" in his chest.
The nurse should identify that the client has developed which of the following types of transfusion reactions?
Allergic.
Febrile nonhemolytic.
Acute hemolytic.
Bacterial.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Allergic transfusion reactions are characterized by symptoms such as hives, itching, and shortness of breath. While allergic reactions can cause discomfort, they do not typically present with the symptoms described in the scenario, such as chills, headache, low-back pain, and chest tightness.
Choice B rationale:
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions are characterized by fever and chills, but they do not usually cause headache, low-back pain, or chest tightness. These reactions occur due to antibodies against donor leukocytes or platelets.
Choice C rationale:
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions occur when there is a mismatch in blood type between the donor and recipient, leading to rapid destruction of transfused red blood cells. This reaction can cause symptoms such as chills, fever, low-back pain, chest tightness, and hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in the urine) It is a medical emergency that requires immediate cessation of the transfusion, supportive care, and treatment for potential complications such as acute kidney injury.
Choice D rationale:
Bacterial transfusion reactions occur due to bacterial contamination of the blood product. These reactions can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, hypotension, and shock. While bacterial transfusion reactions can be serious, the symptoms described in the scenario, including headache and low-back pain, are not typically associated with this type of reaction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Given the client's symptoms of constant chest pressure that is unrelieved with rest, along with the client's appearance of anxiety, pallor, and diaphoresis, it indicates a high likelihood of an acute coronary event, such as a myocardial infarction (heart attack). In this situation, the nurse should prioritize immediate actions that address the potential cardiac emergency.
Aspirin is an essential medication in the initial management of acute coronary syndrome, including unstable angina and myocardial infarction. It helps to inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the risk of clot formation in the coronary arteries. The chewable form of aspirin is recommended because it allows for more rapid absorption.
While evaluating extremities for perfusion, pulse volume, and pitting edema is important in assessing the client's overall cardiovascular status, it is not the immediate next step when faced with a suspected acute coronary event.
Securing client consent for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a relevant step in the management of unstable angina and myocardial infarction, but it is not the immediate action to be taken in the emergency department. The client requires stabilization and initial medical interventions before procedural consent can be obtained.
Placing an indwelling urinary catheter and instituting strict intake and output measurements is not a priority action in this situation. The focus should be on addressing the potential acute coronary event and ensuring the client's cardiac stability. Urinary catheterization and monitoring of intake and output can be considered later, if necessary.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. The priority is to assess the client for any adverse effects of the medication, such as a drop in blood pressure, which can result in orthostatic hypotension.
B. Incorrect. Nasal congestion is not typically associated with an overdose of valsartan.
C. Incorrect. While obtaining laboratory results might be necessary, it is not the priority action in this situation.
D. Incorrect. Monitoring urine output is important, but assessing for potential complications related to the overdose takes precedence.
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