A nurse is instructing a female client on how to check her basal body temperature to determine if she is ovulating. The nurse should instruct the client to check her temperature at which of the following times?

1 hour following intercourse

Every morning before arising

Before going to bed every night

On days 13 to 17 of her menstrual cycle

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:
Checking basal body temperature 1 hour following intercourse is not recommended as a method to determine ovulation. Intercourse and physical activity can increase body temperature, which may lead to inaccurate readings. Basal body temperature should be measured after a period of rest, not after physical activity.

Choice B reason:
The basal body temperature method involves measuring the body's at-rest temperature to identify slight changes that occur around the time of ovulation. It is most accurate when taken every morning before getting out of bed, after at least 3 hours of uninterrupted sleep, and before any physical activity, including eating or drinking. A slight increase in basal body temperature typically occurs after ovulation and remains elevated until the next menstrual period. This method requires consistency and precise timing to be effective.

Choice C reason:
Measuring basal body temperature before going to bed every night is not an effective way to track ovulation. The body's temperature fluctuates throughout the day due to various factors, including activity levels, meals, and external temperatures. Therefore, nighttime measurements would not provide the consistent, resting temperature needed to accurately detect ovulation.

Choice D reason:
While it is true that ovulation typically occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, which for many women is between days 13 to 17, limiting temperature checks to these days only may miss the initial rise in temperature that indicates ovulation. Ovulation can vary from cycle to cycle, and it is important to measure basal body temperature daily to detect the pattern over time.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice a reason:
Observing for meconium in respiratory secretions is crucial for SGA newborns because they are at increased risk for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). MAS occurs when a newborn breathes in meconium-stained amniotic fluid into their lungs, which can cause respiratory distress. It is more common in full-term or post-term babies, and early detection and treatment are vital for improving outcomes.

Choice b reason:
Monitoring for hyperglycemia is important as SGA newborns are at risk for blood sugar imbalances. Hyperglycemia in newborns can be due to various factors, including stress, and requires careful management to prevent complications. However, it is not the primary concern immediately post-delivery for SGA newborns compared to the risk of MAS.

Choice c reason:
Monitoring for hyperthermia is less commonly a primary concern for SGA newborns immediately after birth. Hyperthermia can lead to dehydration and increase metabolic demands, which can be harmful to newborns. However, the immediate risk of hyperthermia is not as high as the risk of MAS for SGA newborns.

Choice d reason:
Identifying manifestations of anemia is important in newborn care. Anemia in newborns can present as pale skin, irritability, and a fast heart rate. While it is a condition that requires attention, the immediate post-delivery concern for SGA newborns is typically the risk of MAS rather than anemia.

A. Placental insufficiency B. Fetal hyperinsulinemia C. Preterm delivery D. Perinatal asphyxia

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Placental insufficiency is a significant cause of a newborn being small for gestational age. It occurs when the placenta cannot deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. This condition can result from several factors, including maternal hypertension, diabetes, and certain infections. Placental insufficiency leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which is often diagnosed when a fetus's estimated weight is below the 10th percentile for its gestational age¹². The normal range for fetal growth varies, but a key indicator is the consistent growth along a certain percentile line on growth charts.

Choice B reason:
Fetal hyperinsulinemia is typically associated with mothers who have diabetes. Insulin acts as a growth hormone; thus, excessive insulin can lead to macrosomia, where the newborn is larger than normal for the gestational age, not smaller². Therefore, fetal hyperinsulinemia is not a likely cause of SGA.

Choice C reason:
Preterm delivery can result in a newborn being small for gestational age simply due to the fact that the baby is born before reaching full term and having the opportunity to achieve the expected in-utero growth. However, being born preterm does not necessarily mean the infant is SGA; it means the infant is smaller than full-term babies because they have had less time to grow in utero¹.

Choice D reason:
Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen to the fetus during the time immediately before, during, or after birth. While it can lead to various complications and is a serious condition, it is not a direct cause of a newborn being small for gestational age. Perinatal asphyxia can occur in infants of any gestational age or size².

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A nurse is instructing a female client on how to check her basal body temperature to determine if she is ovulating. The nurse should instruct the client to check her temperature at which of the following times?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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