A nurse is implementing standard precautions for all patients in a pediatric unit. What actions should the nurse take as part of standard precautions? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer, as standard precautions are the minimum infection control practices that should be used for all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or infection status. They include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe injection practices, safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or surfaces, and respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. A private room may also help reduce the exposure of other patients or health care workers to the infectious agent.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer, as contact precautions are additional infection control practices that should be used for patients who have infections that can be spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment. They include wearing gloves and gowns, using dedicated equipment, and limiting patient movement outside the room. A semi-private room may also increase the risk of cross-contamination between patients.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as airborne precautions are additional infection control practices that should be used for patients who have infections that can be spread by small droplets that remain in the air for long periods of time and can be inhaled by others. They include wearing a respirator, placing the patient in a negative pressure room with an air filtration system, and limiting patient movement outside the room.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer, as droplet precautions are additional infection control practices that should be used for patients who have infections that can be spread by large droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking and can be transmitted to others who are within 3 feet of the patient. They include wearing a surgical mask, placing the patient in a private room or cohorting with other patients with the same infection, and limiting patient movement outside the room. A positive pressure room may also increase the risk of spreading the infection to other areas of the hospital.

Choice A reason: This action should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination, as it helps protect the nurse and other patients from exposure to MRSA, which can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected skin or wounds.

Choice B reason: This action should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination, as it helps prevent the transmission of MRSA, which can survive on surfaces or objects for long periods of time.

Choice C reason: This action should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination, as it helps eliminate MRSA, which can be resistant to many disinfectants and antibiotics.

Choice D reason: This is the correct answer, as all of the above actions should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination. MRSA is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection that can cause skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, or surgical site infections.