A nurse is explaining the need for combination anticoagulation therapy using heparin and warfarin to a client. Which of the following statements should the nurse use in the explanation?

Heparin and warfarin work together to lower blood pressure.

Heparin and warfarin work together to dissolve the clots.

Heparin and warfarin work together to prevent future clots from forming.

Heparin and warfarin should not be given together due to a high risk of hemorrhage.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:

A. Heparin and warfarin do not work to lower blood pressure. Their primary action is to prevent blood clots, not to affect blood pressure.

B. While heparin can help prevent the extension of existing blood clots, it does not typically dissolve clots. Warfarin is used for long-term anticoagulation and works by inhibiting the synthesis of clotting factors.

C. Heparin is often used initially to rapidly anticoagulate a patient while waiting for the therapeutic effects of warfarin to take effect. Warfarin is then used long-term to prevent future clots from forming.

D. Heparin and warfarin are often given together initially, especially in certain clinical situations such as acute deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, to achieve rapid anticoagulation while waiting for the therapeutic effects of warfarin. However, careful monitoring is required to minimize the risk of hemorrhage.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. “I should not have any coffee 3 hours after the exam.” This statement is not accurate. The restriction related to coffee is usually before the test, not after.

B. “I should not exercise 3 hours after the exam.” This statement is incorrect. The restriction on exercise typically applies before the test, not after.

C. “I should not have beta blockers 3 hours before the exam.” Correct! Beta blockers can affect heart rate and blood pressure, so avoiding them before the test is essential.

D. “I should not smoke 3 hours before the exam.” While it’s generally advisable to avoid smoking before the test, this statement does not specifically address the cardiac stress test.

A. Hemoptysis will occur during the initial treatment. B. Avoid restrictive clothing. C. Epistaxis is an expected outcome. D. Take an NSAID if a headache occurs.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is not a common or expected side effect of warfarin therapy.

It may indicate a serious complication and should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.

B. Warfarin increases the risk of bleeding, so it is important for the client to avoid activities or clothing that may increase the risk of injury or bleeding, such as tight or restrictive clothing.

C. Epistaxis (nosebleeds) can occur as a side effect of warfarin therapy due to its anticoagulant effects. While it is a potential side effect, it is not an expected outcome and should be reported to the healthcare provider.

D. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided while taking warfarin because they can increase the risk of bleeding due to their antiplatelet effects. If a headache occurs, the client should consult their healthcare provider for appropriate pain management options.

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A nurse is explaining the need for combination anticoagulation therapy using heparin and warfarin to a client. Which of the following statements should the nurse use in the explanation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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