A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Urinary frequency

Urinary tract Infection

Urinary incontinence

Urinary retention

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Urinary frequency refers to the need to urinate more often than usual. It does not typically cause changes in the color, clarity, or odor of urine. It may be associated with conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs) or other urinary issues but does not directly cause dark amber, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine.
B.   A UTI is a common cause of changes in urine characteristics. Dark amber color can indicate concentrated urine due to dehydration or the presence of blood. Cloudiness suggests the presence of pus or bacteria, while an unpleasant odor can be due to bacterial growth. UTIs often cause these symptoms due to inflammation and infection of the urinary tract.
C.   Urinary incontinence refers to involuntary loss of urine. It does not typically cause changes in the appearance or odor of urine unless it leads to urine pooling and subsequent bacterial growth, which could potentially cause odor. However, incontinence itself is not a direct cause of dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor.
D.   Urinary retention occurs when the bladder does not empty completely or at all. It can lead to concentrated urine (dark amber color) due to prolonged storage in the bladder. Cloudiness and an unpleasant odor can occur if there is bacterial growth in stagnant urine. Therefore, urinary retention can contribute to the observed urine characteristics.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Gloves are not specifically required for airborne precautions unless contact with infectious secretions or materials is anticipated. Airborne precautions primarily focus on preventing inhalation of infectious droplet nuclei. Therefore, wearing gloves is not necessary solely due to airborne precautions.
B. This option is not related to airborne precautions. Encouraging ambulation in the hall is a general nursing intervention and does not specifically address preventing the transmission of airborne pathogens.
C. An N95 respirator mask is designed to filter out 95% of airborne particles, including those containing infectious agents. It provides respiratory protection for healthcare workers who may be exposed to airborne pathogens during procedures such as aerosol-generating procedures (e.g., suctioning, bronchoscopy) or when caring for clients with airborne infections.
D. Positive pressure airflow rooms are typically used for clients requiring protective isolation (e.g., immunocompromised clients) but are not specifically required for clients on airborne precautions. Negative pressure airflow rooms are preferred for clients on airborne precautions because they prevent the spread of airborne pathogens to other areas of the facility.

A. Clean gloves B. Surgical mask C. Sterile gloves D. Protective eyewear

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Clean gloves should be worn when entering the room of a client with MRSA to prevent contact transmission of the bacteria. Gloves should be put on before any contact with the client or potentially contaminated surfaces and should be removed and disposed of properly after leaving the room.
B. A surgical mask is generally not necessary for routine care of a client with MRSA unless there is a risk of splashes or sprays of bodily fluids. The main mode of transmission for MRSA is contact, so gloves are the primary protective measure.
C. Sterile gloves are typically not required unless performing sterile procedures directly involving the wound or handling sterile equipment. For routine assessment of the client's pulse, clean gloves are sufficient.
D. Protective eyewear is not necessary for routine care such as checking a client's pulse. It is primarily used when there is a risk of splashes or sprays that could potentially reach the eyes.

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A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is C

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