A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Urinary frequency

Urinary tract Infection

Urinary incontinence

Urinary retention

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Urinary frequency refers to the need to urinate more often than usual. It does not typically cause changes in the color, clarity, or odor of urine. It may be associated with conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs) or other urinary issues but does not directly cause dark amber, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine.
B.   A UTI is a common cause of changes in urine characteristics. Dark amber color can indicate concentrated urine due to dehydration or the presence of blood. Cloudiness suggests the presence of pus or bacteria, while an unpleasant odor can be due to bacterial growth. UTIs often cause these symptoms due to inflammation and infection of the urinary tract.
C.   Urinary incontinence refers to involuntary loss of urine. It does not typically cause changes in the appearance or odor of urine unless it leads to urine pooling and subsequent bacterial growth, which could potentially cause odor. However, incontinence itself is not a direct cause of dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor.
D.   Urinary retention occurs when the bladder does not empty completely or at all. It can lead to concentrated urine (dark amber color) due to prolonged storage in the bladder. Cloudiness and an unpleasant odor can occur if there is bacterial growth in stagnant urine. Therefore, urinary retention can contribute to the observed urine characteristics.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

A. Butter is a dairy product, but it is not typically high in potassium. It is generally safe for clients following a low-potassium diet. Therefore, clients do not need to avoid butter specifically for its potassium content.
B. Yogurt, especially the varieties that are not low-fat or non-fat, can have a significant amount of potassium.
C Pears are generally considered low in potassium and are usually safe to include in a low-potassium diet.
D. Orange juice is a fruit juice and is naturally high in potassium. Clients should avoid or limit orange juice when following a low-potassium diet due to its potassium content.
E. Cabbage is a vegetable that is generally low in potassium. It is safe for clients following a low-potassium diet and does not need to be avoided for its potassium content.

A. A client who has lactose intolerance B. A client who has had a stroke C. A client who has had prolonged diarrhea D. A client who is 4 hr postoperative following a leg amputation under general anesthesia E. A client who has had radiation therapy for head and neck cancer

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Lactose intolerance does not directly increase the risk of aspiration. It is a condition where the body cannot easily digest lactose, a type of sugar found in dairy products, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas. Aspiration risk is not typically associated with lactose intolerance.
B. Clients who have had a stroke often experience dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) due to impaired coordination of the muscles involved in swallowing. This dysphagia can lead to food or liquids entering the airway instead of the esophagus, increasing the risk of aspiration.
C. Prolonged diarrhea does not directly increase the risk of aspiration during eating. Diarrhea is a gastrointestinal symptom that typically affects the lower digestive tract and is not directly related to swallowing or aspiration risk.
D. After surgery, especially under general anesthesia, clients may have impaired protective airway reflexes and reduced consciousness level, increasing the risk of aspiration. The recovery phase postoperatively is critical, as clients may not have regained full control of their swallowing reflexes.
E. Radiation therapy in the head and neck region can cause tissue damage, including to the muscles and nerves involved in swallowing. This damage can result in dysphagia and increase the risk of aspiration during eating.

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A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is planning to reinforce teaching with a client about the need to follow a low-potassium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having an increased risk for aspiration while eating? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

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