A nurse is educating the parents of a 3-year-old child who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following patterns of behavior should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Fixation on certain items or topics.
Frequent changes in routine.
Display of self-harming behaviors such as head-banging.
Spontaneous and unpredictable behaviors.
Adhering to a rigid routine.
Avoidance of repetitive activities.
Correct Answer : A,C,E
A. Fixation on certain items or topics is a common behavior in children with ASD, reflecting restricted interests and intense focus.
B. Children with ASD generally resist frequent changes in routine; sudden changes can cause anxiety or distress.
C. Self-harming behaviors, such as head-banging or biting, may occur in some children with ASD, often as a response to frustration, stress, or difficulty communicating needs.
D. Behaviors in ASD are often repetitive and predictable, not spontaneous or highly unpredictable.
E. Adhering to a rigid routine is characteristic of ASD, as it provides security and predictability in their environment.
F. Children with ASD often engage in repetitive activities, so avoidance of repetition is not typical; repetitive behaviors are a core feature of the disorder.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Socioeconomic status does not prevent or protect against the development of personality disorders; these disorders occur across all social and economic groups.
B. While parenting style can influence behavior, strict parental guidelines alone are not a primary cause of personality disorders.
C. Personality disorders are not diagnosed in children under 10, as personality traits are still developing; diagnosis typically occurs in late adolescence or adulthood.
D. Childhood emotional trauma, neglect, or abuse is commonly associated with the development of personality disorders, as early adverse experiences can influence emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, and coping mechanisms later in life.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This statement refers more to psychodynamic therapy, which explores how past experiences influence current behaviors and emotions.
B. The nature versus nurture concept is related to developmental psychology and personality formation, not the core principle of cognitive therapy.
C. Cognitive therapy focuses on the client’s current thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions, with the understanding that distorted thinking patterns contribute to emotional distress and maladaptive behaviors. Therapy aims to identify and modify these dysfunctional thought patterns to improve mood and behavior, emphasizing the present rather than past experiences.
D. This statement also aligns more closely with psychodynamic approaches, which explore childhood experiences to understand present reactions, rather than the present-focused approach of cognitive therapy.
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