A nurse is educating a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
"ASD can be caused by consuming gluten and casein, which are found in wheat and dairy products, respectively."
"Vaccinations, especially the MMR vaccine, have been proven to be a leading cause of autism in children."
"ASD is primarily caused by poor parenting and a lack of nurturing in early childhood."
"The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors."
The Correct Answer is D
A. Dietary factors, such as gluten and casein, have not been proven to cause ASD, though some interventions may help manage symptoms.
B. Vaccinations, including MMR, have been extensively studied and do not cause autism; this is a widely debunked myth.
C. Poor parenting or lack of nurturing is not a cause of ASD; blaming caregivers is both inaccurate and harmful.
D. The exact causes of ASD remain unknown, but research supports a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences (e.g., prenatal factors, perinatal complications) contributing to the development of the disorder. This statement provides the most accurate and evidence-based explanation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. ADHD diagnosis requires that symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity be present in more than one setting (e.g., home, school, social situations) and persist for at least six months, ensuring that behaviors are consistent and not situational.
B. Good academic performance does not rule out ADHD; some adolescents may compensate for symptoms through intelligence, support, or coping strategies, so ADHD can still be present despite satisfactory grades.
C. Focusing only on classroom behavior is insufficient, as ADHD symptoms must be evident across multiple settings to meet diagnostic criteria.
D. While hyperactivity may decrease with age, it remains a relevant criterion for diagnosis. Symptoms may manifest as restlessness or difficulty engaging in quiet activities rather than overt hyperactivity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Having a mother who was a teenager at the time of birth does not inherently indicate a protective factor; it may present additional stressors.
B. Worrying about a sibling’s health and frequent hospitalizations indicates stress and potential risk factors, rather than protective factors.
C. Having a supportive and attentive teacher demonstrates a positive childhood experience that can serve as a protective factor, providing emotional support, stability, and a trusted adult relationship that buffers against the effects of anxiety and stress.
D. Frequent relocations due to military life can contribute to instability and disrupted social support, which are not considered protective factors.
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