A nurse is discussing the causes of Ankylosing Spondylitis with a patient.
Which statement accurately describes a risk factor associated with this condition?
"Environmental factors, such as bacterial infections, are the primary cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis.”
"Ankylosing Spondylitis predominantly affects females.”
"The HLA-B27 gene is not associated with an increased risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis.”
"Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis typically manifest in childhood.”
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Environmental factors, such as bacterial infections, are the primary cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Rationale: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is believed to have a multifactorial etiology, and while genetics play a significant role (particularly the HLA-B27 gene), environmental factors, such as bacterial infections, have been implicated in triggering the condition.
Certain bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been associated with AS, and their presence may exacerbate inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals.
This statement accurately reflects the current understanding of AS's etiology.
Choice B rationale:
"Ankylosing Spondylitis predominantly affects females." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
Ankylosing Spondylitis is more common in males than in females.
It has a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1.
Therefore, it predominantly affects males, not females.
Choice C rationale:
"The HLA-B27 gene is not associated with an increased risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
The HLA-B27 gene is strongly associated with an increased risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
In fact, it is one of the most significant genetic risk factors for the development of AS.
Over 90% of individuals with AS are HLA-B27 positive.
Choice D rationale:
"Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis typically manifest in childhood." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
Ankylosing Spondylitis symptoms typically do not manifest in childhood.
The onset of AS symptoms usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, typically between the ages of 17 and 45.
It is rare for AS symptoms to appear in childhood.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Buttock pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis is not solely related to physical activity; it can occur at any time, and it often worsens with inactivity or prolonged periods of sitting.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is not entirely accurate.
While pain in the hips can occur in Ankylosing Spondylitis, it is not limited to the morning.
The hallmark feature is morning stiffness in the lower back.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Pain in the thighs is not typically associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis, and it does not improve with rest.
Choice D rationale:
This statement aligns with the symptom of sacroiliitis, which is a common feature of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Pain in the buttocks can indeed extend to the hips in individuals with this condition, especially when the inflammation affects the sacroiliac joints.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The hallmark symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis is lower back pain and stiffness that worsens in the morning or after periods of inactivity but improves with physical activity.
This is known as inflammatory back pain, which is characteristic of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
The pain is typically most severe in the morning and gradually improves with activity as the day progresses.
This pattern is due to the inflammatory nature of the condition, and it distinguishes Ankylosing Spondylitis from other causes of lower back pain.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis typically worsens with inactivity and improves with physical activity, which is the opposite of what is described here.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Heat therapy may provide some temporary relief for muscle tension or minor aches, but it is not the primary method of relieving pain associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Choice D rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Pain radiating to the buttocks is not the hallmark symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
While some individuals with the condition may experience radiating pain, it is not the defining characteristic of the disease.
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