A nurse is assessing a patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply).

Choice A rationale:

"I will try using heat therapy as directed for pain relief." This statement indicates that the client is willing to try a pain relief method, which is a positive response.

Heat therapy can be a helpful strategy for managing pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).

Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further education.

Choice B rationale:

"I should avoid physical therapy to prevent worsening of my symptoms." This statement is concerning and indicates a need for further education.

Physical therapy is an important part of managing AS, as it helps improve flexibility, maintain joint function, and reduce pain.

Advising the client to avoid physical therapy could lead to worsening symptoms and decreased quality of life.

Choice C rationale:

"Maintaining good posture will help minimize strain on my spine." This statement reflects an understanding of the importance of posture in managing AS.

It is a positive response that shows the client's awareness of proper self-care techniques.

Choice D rationale:

"I'll ask my healthcare team about assistive devices for mobility." This statement is also a positive response, as it indicates the client's willingness to explore options for improving mobility and managing their condition.

Asking the healthcare team about assistive devices is a proactive step in self-care.

Choice A rationale:

"The inflammation in Ankylosing Spondylitis primarily occurs in the peripheral joints." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.

Ankylosing Spondylitis primarily affects the axial skeleton, including the spine and sacroiliac joints.

Peripheral joint involvement is less common and usually occurs in the later stages of the disease.

Choice B rationale:

"Immune cells infiltrate muscles, leading to muscle wasting in Ankylosing Spondylitis." Rationale: This statement is not accurate.

Ankylosing Spondylitis primarily involves inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints, rather than muscle tissue.

Muscle wasting is not a characteristic feature of AS.

Choice C rationale:

"Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-17 contribute to inflammation in Ankylosing Spondylitis." Rationale: This statement is correct.

Ankylosing Spondylitis is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17).

These cytokines play a key role in the inflammation and tissue damage seen in AS.

Choice D rationale:

"The chronic inflammation in Ankylosing Spondylitis causes cartilage regeneration." Rationale: This statement is not accurate.

Chronic inflammation in AS can lead to structural damage and fusion of the spinal vertebrae (ankylosis), but it does not promote cartilage regeneration.