A nurse is creating a plan of care for a pediatric client who has been diagnosed with osteosarcoma and will be receiving chemotherapy with radiation interventions. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following expected adverse effects? (Select All that Apply.)

Nausea

Hair loss

Diarrhea

Skin Sensitivity

Weight gain

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Nausea is a common side effect of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Antiemetics are often used to manage this adverse effect.

B. Hair loss is a well-known side effect of chemotherapy, as it affects rapidly dividing cells, including those in hair follicles. Radiation therapy to the head or neck area can also cause localized hair loss.

C. Diarrhea is a potential side effect of chemotherapy and radiation, particularly when the digestive tract is affected. Some chemotherapies and radiation treatments irritate the gastrointestinal system, leading to diarrhea.

D. Skin Sensitivity can result from radiation therapy, especially in the treated area. The skin may become red, irritated, and sensitive.

E. Weight gain is not typically associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. In fact, many children experience weight loss due to nausea, decreased appetite, or other side effects.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "My baby's formula can be thickened with oatmeal." While some infants with reflux may benefit from thickening their formula, oatmeal is not typically recommended as a thickening agent. Parents should follow specific medical guidance on safe thickening agents for formula.

B. "I will keep my baby in an upright position after feedings." This statement demonstrates an understanding of appropriate management of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Keeping the baby upright after feeding helps prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, reducing reflux symptoms.

C. "I will have to feed my baby formula rather than breast milk." This statement is incorrect. Breast milk is not contraindicated for infants with GER, and in fact, breast milk may be easier to digest and may help reduce reflux symptoms compared to formula.

D. "I should position my baby side-lying during sleep." This statement is not recommended. Babies should be placed on their back for sleep, as side-lying positions can increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The back sleep position is safest for all infants, including those with reflux.

A. Aplastic crisis is caused by a decrease in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. B. Sequestration crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells. C. Vaso-occlusive crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver. D. Aplastic crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver. E. Sequestration crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver. F. Vaso-occlusive crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells.

Correct Answer is ["A","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Aplastic crisis is caused by a decrease in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow is correct. Aplastic crisis is often triggered by an infection (such as parvovirus B19), leading to a sudden reduction in red blood cell production, which can exacerbate anemia.

B. Sequestration crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells is incorrect. This describes a vaso-occlusive crisis, not sequestration crisis. Sequestration crisis involves pooling of blood in the spleen or liver, leading to organ enlargement and circulatory collapse.

C. Vaso-occlusive crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver is incorrect. Vaso-occlusive crisis is characterized by the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled cells, leading to pain, ischemia, and tissue damage.

D. Aplastic crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver is incorrect. Aplastic crisis is primarily related to bone marrow failure and reduced red blood cell production, not blood pooling in organs.

E. Sequestration crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver is correct. In sequestration crisis, the spleen and liver trap large amounts of blood, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and severe anemia.

F. Vaso-occlusive crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells is correct. Vaso-occlusive crisis occurs when sickled red blood cells obstruct blood flow in small vessels, causing pain, tissue damage, and potential organ dysfunction.

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A nurse is creating a plan of care for a pediatric client who has been diagnosed with osteosarcoma and will be receiving chemotherapy with radiation interventions. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following expected adverse effects? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following accurately describe the differences between vaso-occlusive crisis, sequestration crisis, and aplastic crisis in sickle cell anemia? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","E","F"]

Explanation

The nurse and a new nurse (graduate nurse) are caring for a child who will require palliative care. Which statement made by the new nurse would indicate a correct understanding of palliative care?

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