A nurse is counseling a client for the management of anxiety. The client is consistently late for appointments and ignores household chores. The client states, "I'm just too stressed. I need someone to take care of me." The nurse identifies this behavior as an example of which of the following defense mechanisms?

Repression

Introjection

Dissociation

Regression

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Repression: Repression involves unconsciously pushing unwanted thoughts, memories, or feelings out of conscious awareness. It involves burying distressing emotions or memories deep in the unconscious mind to avoid dealing with them consciously. In this scenario, the client's behavior does not suggest the repression of any specific thoughts or memories but rather a coping mechanism related to their current stress and anxiety.

B. Introjection: Introjection occurs when an individual internalizes the values, beliefs, or attitudes of others as if they were their own. It involves incorporating external standards or influences into one's own identity. While introjection may contribute to the client's behavior indirectly by influencing their beliefs about needing external support, the primary defense mechanism at play in this scenario is regression.

C. Dissociation: Dissociation involves a disruption in the integration of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. It often manifests as a detachment from reality or a sense of being disconnected from oneself or the surrounding environment. While dissociation may occur in response to severe stress or trauma, it typically involves more extreme symptoms than those described by the client in this scenario.

D. Regression: Regression involves reverting to earlier, less mature behaviors or stages of development in response to stress or anxiety. It reflects a retreat to a more comfortable or familiar state in an attempt to cope with overwhelming emotions or situations. In this scenario, the client's statement about needing someone to take care of them suggests a desire to return to a state of dependency, which is characteristic of regression as a defense mechanism.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Restrain the child physically: Physically restraining a toddler during a temper tantrum can escalate the situation and may lead to the child feeling scared or more frustrated. It's important to avoid physical force as it can be traumatic for the child and potentially harmful.

B. Ignore the temper tantrums: Ignoring temper tantrums might work in some situations, but it's not always the most effective strategy. Toddlers often tantrum to seek attention or express frustration, and ignoring them entirely may not address the underlying issue. Additionally, consistent ignoring can lead to feelings of abandonment or exacerbate the behavior.

C. Distract the child by offering to play a game: Distraction can be an effective technique for managing temper tantrums in toddlers. Offering to engage the child in a fun activity or game can redirect their focus away from the source of frustration, helping to de-escalate the situation and promote positive behavior.

D. Tell the child that temper tantrums are not acceptable: While it's important to set boundaries and teach appropriate behavior, telling a toddler that temper tantrums are not acceptable may not effectively address the immediate situation. Toddlers may not fully understand or be able to control their emotions, so simply telling them that tantrums are unacceptable without providing alternative coping strategies is unlikely to be effective.

A. Rickets B. Iron deficiency anemia C. Obesity D. Diabetes mellitus

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Rickets: Rickets is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to softening and weakening of the bones. While milk is a good source of vitamin D and calcium, excessive consumption of milk alone may not necessarily lead to rickets unless the child has inadequate exposure to sunlight or a diet lacking in other essential nutrients.

B. Iron deficiency anemia: This is the correct choice. Excessive consumption of milk, particularly if it replaces solid foods in the diet, can lead to iron deficiency anemia in toddlers. Cow's milk is low in iron and can inhibit iron absorption from other foods, leading to iron deficiency over time. Iron deficiency anemia can result in fatigue, weakness, developmental delays, and impaired cognitive function in young children.

C. Obesity: While excessive milk consumption can contribute to excessive calorie intake, leading to weight gain and potentially obesity, the scenario describes a toddler with a poor appetite for solid foods. Therefore, the primary concern in this case is not obesity but rather the risk of nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency anemia.

D. Diabetes mellitus: Excessive milk consumption alone is not a direct risk factor for diabetes mellitus in toddlers. However, a diet high in refined sugars and excessive calorie intake, including from milk, can contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. However, the primary concern in this scenario is the risk of nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency anemia, rather than diabetes mellitus.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A parent of a toddler asks a nurse at a well-child visit how the child's frequent temper tantrums can best be handled. Which of the following actions should the nurse suggest to the parent?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A parent tells a nurse that her toddler drinks a quart of milk a day and has a poor appetite for solid foods. The nurse should explain that the toddler is at risk for which of the following disorders?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse observes that a client who has depression is sitting alone in the room crying. As the nurse approaches, the client states, "I'm feeling really down and don't want to talk to anyone right now." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A nurse is collecting data from a child who is descending stairs by placing both feet on each step and holding on to the railing. The nurse should understand that these actions are developmentally appropriate at which of the following ages?

A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant who has a pyloric stenosis. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

A nurse is assessing a toddler at a well-child visit. At what point in the physical examination should the nurse examine the child's tympanic membrane??

A nurse is planning care for a client who has paranoid schizophrenia. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of care?

A nurse is caring for a group of older adult clients. Which of the following manifestations indicates one of the clients is experiencing delirium?

A nurse is caring for a 12-month-old toddler who is hospitalized and confined to a room with contact precautions in place. Which of the following toys should the nurse recommend in order to meet the developmental needs of the client?