A nurse is collecting data from an infant. Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis?

Projectile vomiting after feedings

Absent bowel sounds

Increased sodium level

Golf ball-size mass over the left quadrant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Projectile vomiting after feedings: Projectile vomiting after feedings, especially occurring a short time after feeding, is a classic sign of pyloric stenosis due to obstruction at the pylorus.
B. Absent bowel sounds: Absent bowel sounds may occur in more advanced cases of bowel obstruction but are not specific to pyloric stenosis.
C. Increased sodium level: Increased sodium level is not typically associated with pyloric stenosis.
D. Golf ball-size mass over the left quadrant: A palpable mass in the left quadrant is not a typical finding in pyloric stenosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Increased appetite: Increased appetite is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome, as protein loss can lead to generalized malaise and decreased appetite.
B. Proteinuria: Proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) is a hallmark finding in nephrotic syndrome due to increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier.
C. Weight loss: Weight gain due to edema is more common in nephrotic syndrome than weight loss.
D. Hyperalbuminemia: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by hypoalbuminemia (low albumin levels) due to loss of albumin through the kidneys.

A. Reports of scalp itchiness B. Patches of baldness C. Dry patches on the scalp D. Blisters on the scalp

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Reports of scalp itchiness: Itchiness of the scalp is a common symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice), caused by the allergic reaction to lice bites. This should alert the nurse to the possibility of head lice and warrant further examination.
B. Patches of baldness: While bald patches can be seen in certain conditions like alopecia areata, they are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis.
C. Dry patches on the scalp: Dry patches may indicate a condition like seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, but they are not indicative of pediculosis capitis.
D. Blisters on the scalp: Blisters are more likely associated with skin infections or conditions like impetigo, not pediculosis capitis.

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A nurse is collecting data from an infant. Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis?

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