A nurse is collecting data from a client who has osteoarthritis and reports pain and limited mobility in both knees.
Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make?

Face the client at eye level when communicating.

This is because eye contact helps to establish rapport and trust with the client who has dementia and shows respect and attention. Facing the client at eye level also reduces distractions and background noise that might interfere with communication.

Choice B is wrong because offering correction of incorrect client statements can increase confusion, frustration, and agitation in the client who has dementia. Instead of correcting the client, the nurse should acknowledge their feelings and try to understand their perspective.

Choice C is wrong because reorienting the client to date and time with each encounter can be stressful and ineffective for the client who has dementia. Reorientation may work in the early stages of dementia, but as the disease progresses, the client may lose their ability to retain new information and may become more disoriented. Instead of reorienting the client, the nurse should use orienting names or labels whenever possible, such as “Your son, Jack” .

Choice D is wrong because avoiding using gestures when communicating with the client who has dementia can limit the nurse’s ability to convey meaning and emotion. Gestures can help to supplement verbal communication and provide cues for the client who has difficulty understanding words. However, the nurse should avoid using gestures that might be misinterpreted or threatening to the client, such as pointing or waving .

It occurs because nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and pleasure. When nicotine intake is stopped, dopamine levels drop and cause anxiety and irritability.

Choice A is wrong because tachycardia, or rapid heart rate, is not a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. In fact, smoking can increase blood pressure and heart rate, so quitting smoking may lower them.

Choice C is wrong because weight loss is not a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. On the contrary, weight gain is more likely to occur after quitting smoking, because nicotine suppresses appetite and increases metabolism.

Choice D is wrong because vomiting is not a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. Vomiting may be a side effect of some nicotine replacement therapies, such as patches or gum, but it is not caused by the lack of nicotine itself.