A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hyponatremia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Hypertension
Blurred vision
Constipation
Muscle cramps
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hypertension: Hyponatremia typically does not cause high blood pressure. In fact, low sodium levels can lead to fluid shifts and hypotension in severe cases, rather than hypertension. Monitoring blood pressure is important, but hypertension is not an expected finding of hyponatremia.
B. Blurred vision: Blurred vision is not a classic symptom of hyponatremia. While severe electrolyte imbalances can affect neurological function, visual changes are more commonly associated with hypernatremia or other conditions affecting the eyes.
C. Constipation: Constipation is not directly linked to low sodium levels. Hyponatremia primarily affects neuromuscular and neurological function, rather than gastrointestinal motility.
D. Muscle cramps: Muscle cramps are a common manifestation of hyponatremia due to the disruption of sodium’s role in neuromuscular excitability. Low sodium levels can cause involuntary muscle contractions, weakness, and twitching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Measure the client's abdominal girth daily: Monitoring abdominal girth helps assess the progression or reduction of ascites and guides the effectiveness of interventions such as diuretic therapy or paracentesis. Daily measurements provide objective data for evaluating fluid accumulation.
B. Position the client supine with legs elevated: Elevating the legs while supine is more appropriate for peripheral edema, not ascites. For ascites, semi-Fowler’s or upright positioning is preferred to promote comfort and reduce pressure on the diaphragm.
C. Restrict the client's sodium intake to 3 g per day: Sodium restriction is typically recommended to manage fluid retention in ascites, but standard guidelines suggest limiting sodium to 2 g per day, not 3 g, to optimize effectiveness.
D. Keep the client's daily protein intake below 0.8 g/kg: Clients with cirrhosis and ascites often require adequate protein to prevent muscle wasting and malnutrition. Restricting protein excessively can worsen nutritional status and is generally not recommended unless the client has hepatic encephalopathy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Deliver 2 L of oxygen via partial nonrebreather mask: While supplemental oxygen may support oxygenation, it does not treat the underlying life-threatening allergic reaction. Oxygen alone is insufficient for anaphylaxis and should not delay definitive treatment.
B. Give epinephrine intramuscularly: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and rapidly counteracts airway constriction, hypotension, and vascular permeability. Intramuscular administration in the mid-outer thigh provides rapid absorption and is essential to prevent respiratory compromise and shock.
C. Notify the radiology department: Notifying radiology is unrelated to the acute management of an allergic reaction. Immediate intervention to secure the airway and treat anaphylaxis takes priority over nonessential notifications.
D. Administer diazepam PO: Diazepam is an anxiolytic and has no role in managing anaphylaxis or airway obstruction. It does not reverse histamine-mediated effects and would delay critical emergency treatment.
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