A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hyponatremia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Hypertension
Blurred vision
Constipation
Muscle cramps
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hypertension: Hyponatremia typically does not cause high blood pressure. In fact, low sodium levels can lead to fluid shifts and hypotension in severe cases, rather than hypertension. Monitoring blood pressure is important, but hypertension is not an expected finding of hyponatremia.
B. Blurred vision: Blurred vision is not a classic symptom of hyponatremia. While severe electrolyte imbalances can affect neurological function, visual changes are more commonly associated with hypernatremia or other conditions affecting the eyes.
C. Constipation: Constipation is not directly linked to low sodium levels. Hyponatremia primarily affects neuromuscular and neurological function, rather than gastrointestinal motility.
D. Muscle cramps: Muscle cramps are a common manifestation of hyponatremia due to the disruption of sodium’s role in neuromuscular excitability. Low sodium levels can cause involuntary muscle contractions, weakness, and twitching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Rise slowly from a sitting position to a standing position: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause orthostatic hypotension, especially when therapy is initiated. Advising the client to rise slowly helps prevent dizziness and syncope related to sudden blood pressure drops.
B. Decrease daily fluid intake: Reducing fluid intake can worsen hypotension and dehydration, increasing the risk of syncope. Maintaining adequate hydration is important unless otherwise instructed by the provider.
C. Increase dietary potassium: While ACE inhibitors can raise potassium levels, the primary concern with syncope is hypotension, not potassium imbalance. Increasing potassium without monitoring could lead to hyperkalemia.
D. Withhold the medication if pulse rate is less than 60/min: Enalapril primarily affects blood pressure, not heart rate. Withholding based on pulse rate is not appropriate; monitoring blood pressure is more relevant for safety and management of side effects.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Apply friction to hands for 10 seconds: Effective hand hygiene requires rubbing hands together with friction for at least 20 seconds to remove pathogens. Ten seconds is insufficient to ensure proper cleaning and reduce infection risk.
B. Interlace the fingers while rubbing hands together: Interlacing the fingers ensures that all surfaces, including the spaces between fingers, are cleaned thoroughly. This technique helps remove microorganisms from areas often missed during handwashing.
C. Dry hands starting from forearm to fingers: Hands should be dried from fingers to forearm to prevent contamination from runoff water. Drying in the opposite direction can transfer pathogens back onto the hands.
D. Use hot water to wash hands: Hot water is not recommended because it can cause skin irritation and dryness. Warm or lukewarm water is effective for hand hygiene while maintaining skin integrity.
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