A nurse is collecting data from a child who has measles. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Rationale for Correct Choices:

• N95 respirator. The client’s presentation of a cough, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, and positive sputum culture for M. tuberculosis strongly suggests active tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis is transmitted through airborne particles, and an N95 respirator is required to protect healthcare workers from inhaling these particles. The N95 mask is specifically designed to filter out small particles, including the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.
• Gloves. Gloves should be worn when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed TB to prevent contact transmission. While TB is primarily transmitted via airborne particles, gloves are still necessary to protect healthcare workers from coming into contact with bodily fluids such as sputum or any other potentially contaminated materials.

Rationale for Incorrect Options:

• Face shield. A face shield is not required as primary protection for TB. While face shields can protect against splashes and droplets, TB is primarily transmitted via airborne particles, for which an N95 respirator is more appropriate.
• Surgical mask. A surgical mask is not sufficient for protecting healthcare workers against tuberculosis because it does not filter out small airborne particles like the N95 respirator does. Surgical masks are primarily intended for droplet precautions, but tuberculosis is spread through airborne transmission, necessitating an N95 mask for adequate protection.

• Gown. A gown is not required in this situation unless the patient has other symptoms or conditions that increase the risk of contamination, such as excessive wound drainage or the potential for body fluid splashes. For TB transmission, the primary concern is airborne transmission, and appropriate PPE focuses on respiratory protection (N95) and gloves for contact precautions.

A. "I think you should find other family members who could help your mother." While involving other family members can be helpful, this response may come across as dismissive rather than supportive. The nurse should offer specific resources or interventions to assist with caregiver burden.
B. "Let me give you some information about respite care for your mother." Respite care provides temporary relief for caregivers by allowing trained professionals to care for the client. This helps reduce caregiver stress, prevents burnout, and allows the son to rest while ensuring his mother receives appropriate care.
C. "You should think about placing your mother in a long-term care facility." Suggesting placement in a facility without first assessing the son’s willingness or ability to continue caregiving may be inappropriate. The nurse should offer less drastic options, such as respite care, before discussing long-term placement.
D. "You owe it to your mother to take care of her now that she needs you." This statement could induce guilt and increase stress for the caregiver. The nurse should provide emotional support and resources rather than making the son feel obligated to provide care without assistance.