A nurse is assisting in the care of a client on a labor and delivery unit.

Exhibits

Which of the following findings require further evaluation by the nurse?

Select all that apply.

A. Pivotal Joint (Radius-Ulnar Joint) –A pivot joint allows for rotation around a single axis. The joint between the radius and ulna at the elbow allows the forearm to rotate (pronation/supination). This is not a ball-and-socket joint because it does not allow movement in multiple planes.
B. A ball-and-socket joint allows for the greatest range of motion in multiple directions, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Examples are the hip joint (femur-acetabulum) and shoulder joint (humerus-glenoid cavity).
C. A hinge joint allows movement in only one plane (like a door hinge) with flexion and extension. Examples are the knee joint (tibia-femur) and elbow joint (humerus-ulna) function as hinge joints. It is not a ball-and-socket joint because it does not allow rotation or movement in multiple planes.
D. A condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint allows movement in two planes (flexion/extension and abduction/adduction), but no rotation. Examples are the wrist joint (radiocarpal joint) allows side-to-side and up-and-down movements but lacks full rotation.

A. Open the dampers of fireplaces. Keeping fireplace dampers open would allow contaminated outdoor air to enter the home, increasing exposure to harmful chemicals. During an outdoor chemical disaster, it is essential to seal the home as much as possible to prevent infiltration of toxic substances.
B. Cover heat registers with plastic and tape. Sealing heat registers helps prevent outside air from circulating into the home through ventilation systems. This precaution reduces exposure to airborne chemicals by limiting pathways for contamination. Creating an airtight environment is a key strategy in shelter-in-place recommendations during chemical disasters.
C. Exit the home as quickly as possible. Evacuating during an outdoor chemical disaster may increase the risk of exposure if toxic fumes are present. Authorities typically advise sheltering in place with sealed windows and doors unless an evacuation order is issued. Leaving should only occur when officials confirm that it is safe.
D. Turn on ceiling fans and air conditioners. Running ventilation systems like fans and air conditioners can draw in outside air, increasing exposure to hazardous chemicals. Instead, all air systems should be turned off to minimize circulation of contaminated air within the home.