A nurse is caring for four hospitalized patients.
Which of the following patients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?
The patient who has left-sided heart failure and has a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 600 pg/mL.
The patient who has been NPO since midnight for endoscopy.
The patient who has gastroenteritis and is febrile.
The patient who has end-stage renal failure and is scheduled for dialysis today.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
While heart failure can lead to fluid volume imbalances, a BNP level of 600 pg/mL alone does not indicate a risk for fluid volume deficit.
Choice B rationale
Being NPO since midnight for an endoscopy could potentially lead to fluid volume deficit, but it’s not the most likely choice. Typically, patients are adequately hydrated before and after the procedure.
Choice C rationale
A patient with gastroenteritis and a fever is at high risk for fluid volume deficit. Gastroenteritis can cause significant fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea, and fever increases insensible water loss.
Choice D rationale
While patients with end-stage renal failure can have fluid volume imbalances, they are more likely to experience fluid volume excess, especially if they are due for dialysis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Rice is a safe food choice for a child diagnosed with celiac disease. Celiac disease is a chronic immune disorder triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein naturally present in wheat, barley, and rye. When people with celiac disease eat foods with gluten, the immune system attacks the small intestine, causing inflammation and damage that affects digestion, absorption, and nutrition. Rice is naturally gluten-free and can be included in the diet of a person with celiac disease.
Choice B rationale
Rye is not a safe food choice for a child diagnosed with celiac disease. Rye contains gluten, which triggers an immune response in people with celiac disease. This immune response can cause damage to the small intestine and lead to various health problems.
Choice C rationale
Wheat is not a safe food choice for a child diagnosed with celiac disease. Wheat contains gluten, which triggers an immune response in people with celiac disease. This immune response can cause damage to the small intestine and lead to various health problems.
Choice D rationale
Barley is not a safe food choice for a child diagnosed with celiac disease. Barley contains gluten, which triggers an immune response in people with celiac disease. This immune response can cause damage to the small intestine and lead to various health problems.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Peptic ulcer disease is not a common complication of difficulty swallowing after a stroke. It is typically caused by an infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Choice B rationale
Dumping syndrome is not a common complication of difficulty swallowing after a stroke. It is a condition that can occur after surgery to remove all or part of your stomach or after surgery to bypass your stomach to help you lose weight.
Choice C rationale
Aspiration is a common problem for people with dysphagia, a condition that can occur after a stroke. It occurs when something you’ve swallowed enters the airway and lungs. Normally, aspiration causes a violent cough, but a stroke can reduce sensation. In this case, you may not know you’re aspirating (silent aspiration)5.
Choice D rationale
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not a common complication of difficulty swallowing after a stroke. GERD is a chronic disease that occurs when stomach acid or bile flows into the food pipe and irritates the lining.
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