A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a terminal illness and is ventilator dependent. The client is alert and oriented and he wants to discontinue use of the ventilator. The nurse should be aware that continued treatment against the client’s wishes is a violation of which of the following ethical principles?

Justice

Veracity

Fidelity

Autonomy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Justice. This answer is incorrect because justice is the ethical principle that ensures fair and equal treatment for all clients, regardless of their personal or social characteristics. Justice does not apply to this situation, as the client is not being discriminated against or denied any resources.

Choice B reason: Veracity. This answer is incorrect because veracity is the ethical principle that requires honesty and truthfulness from the provider and the nurse in providing information and education to the client. Veracity does not apply to this situation, as the client is not being deceived or misled about their condition or treatment options.

Choice C reason: Fidelity. This answer is incorrect because fidelity is the ethical principle that obligates the provider and the nurse to be faithful and loyal to the client and to honor their commitments and promises. Fidelity does not apply to this situation, as the client is not being abandoned or betrayed by the provider or the nurse.

Choice D reason: Autonomy. This answer is correct because autonomy is the ethical principle that respects the client's right to make their own decisions about their health care, even if they are different from the provider's or the nurse's recommendations. Autonomy applies to this situation, as the client is expressing their preference to discontinue the ventilator, which is a life sustaining treatment.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: History of hypertension is not a nonmodifiable risk factor for developing a stroke, but a modifiable risk factor. Hypertension is a high blood pressure, defined as 140/90 mm Hg or higher. Hypertension can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of stroke by causing atherosclerosis, aneurysm, or hemorrhage. The nurse should teach the clients to monitor their blood pressure and take medications as prescribed to lower their blood pressure and reduce their stroke risk.

Choice B reason: Genetics is a nonmodifiable risk factor for developing a stroke. Genetics refers to the inherited traits that are passed down from parents to children. Genetics can influence the risk of stroke by affecting the susceptibility to certain conditions, such as sickle cell disease, clotting disorders, or familial hypercholesterolemia, that can increase the risk of stroke. The nurse should teach the clients to know their family history and discuss their genetic risk factors with their provider.

Choice C reason: Obesity is not a nonmodifiable risk factor for developing a stroke, but a modifiable risk factor. Obesity is a condition of having excess body fat, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. Obesity can increase the risk of stroke by contributing to other risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol. The nurse should teach the clients to maintain a healthy weight and follow a balanced diet and exercise regimen to lower their stroke risk.

Choice D reason: History of smoking is not a nonmodifiable risk factor for developing a stroke, but a modifiable risk factor. Smoking is the inhalation of tobacco or other substances that contain nicotine or other harmful chemicals. Smoking can increase the risk of stroke by damaging the blood vessels, increasing the blood pressure, reducing the oxygen in the blood, and promoting blood clotting. The nurse should teach the clients to quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke to lower their stroke risk.

A. Take isoniazid with an antacid. B. Drink at least 8 ounces of water when you take the pyrazinamide tablet. C. Expect your sputum cultures to be negative after 6 months of therapy. D. Provide a sputum specimen every 2 weeks to the clinic for testing.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Take isoniazid with an antacid. This answer is incorrect because taking isoniazid with an antacid can reduce the absorption and effectiveness of the drug. Isoniazid should be taken on an empty stomach, one hour before or two hours after meals.

Choice B reason: Drink at least 8 ounces of water when you take the pyrazinamide tablet. This answer is incorrect because drinking water with pyrazinamide is not necessary, as this drug does not cause dehydration or kidney problems. However, drinking plenty of fluids is generally recommended for clients with tuberculosis to prevent dehydration and help clear the lungs of secretions.

Choice C reason: Expect your sputum cultures to be negative after 6 months of therapy. This answer is incorrect because expecting sputum cultures to be negative after 6 months of therapy is unrealistic and misleading. The duration of treatment for tuberculosis varies depending on the type and extent of the infection, the drug regimen, and the client's response to the therapy. Some clients may need longer than 6 months to achieve negative sputum cultures.

Choice D reason: Provide a sputum specimen every 2 weeks to the clinic for testing. This answer is correct because providing sputum specimens regularly is important to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and to determine when the client is no longer infectious.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching about risk factors for developing a stroke with a group of older adult clients. Which of the following nonmodifiable risk factors should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis and is to start medication therapy with isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a child who has asthma and a prescription for montelukast granules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client’s parent on administering the medication?

A nurse is evaluating teaching on a client who has a new prescription for montelukast to treat asthma. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is caring for a client who has urinary leakage due to nerve damage following a spinal cord injury. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following types of urinary incontinence?

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires mechanical ventilation. The client receives a prescription for pancuronium. The nurse recognizes that this medication is for which of the following purposes?

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who requires home oxygen therapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client needs further teaching?

nurse is caring for a client who has an acute respiratory failure (ARF). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of this condition? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has asthma and a new prescription for inhaled beclomethasone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?

A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia and a prescription for oxygen therapy at 5 L/min via nasal cannula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?