A nurse is caring for an infant who has Tetralogy of Fallot and notes that the infant is easily fatigued when eating. Which defect is not present in this cardiac congenital malformation?
Overriding aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defect
The Correct Answer is C
A. Overriding aorta: In Tetralogy of Fallot, the aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect (VSD), rather than solely over the left ventricle as it would be in a normal heart. This is called overriding aorta, which allows blood from both the right and left ventricles to enter the aorta.
B. Pulmonary stenosis: This is a critical component of Tetralogy of Fallot. Pulmonary stenosis refers to narrowing of the pulmonary valve or the area just below it, which restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This results in decreased blood flow to the lungs for oxygenation.
C. Left ventricular hypertrophy: This choice is not typically associated with Tetralogy of Fallot. Left ventricular hypertrophy refers to an enlargement or thickening of the muscular wall of the left ventricle of the heart. It is often seen in conditions where the left ventricle has to work harder to pump blood, such as in hypertension or aortic stenosis, but it is not a characteristic feature of Tetralogy of Fallot.
D. Ventricular septal defect: This defect is one of the four components of Tetralogy of Fallot. A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole in the septum, the muscular wall that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart. In Tetralogy of Fallot, the VSD allows oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to flow directly into the left ventricle and out to the body.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Coloring book with crayons:
Coloring activities with crayons are typically more suitable for older children who have developed fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. At 10 months old, infants are still in the early stages of motor development and may not have the dexterity to hold and manipulate crayons effectively. Additionally, infants at this age are more likely to put objects in their mouths, which poses a choking hazard with crayons.
B. Large-piece puzzles:
Puzzles with large pieces can be beneficial for older children's cognitive development by promoting problem-solving skills and hand-eye coordination. However, at 10 months old, infants are still developing their motor skills and may not have the ability to manipulate puzzle pieces effectively. Puzzles with small pieces can also pose a choking hazard for infants.
C. Crib gym:
A crib gym is a suitable toy for a 10-month-old infant as it provides opportunities for visual stimulation, reaching, grasping, and hand-eye coordination development. Crib gyms typically consist of hanging toys or objects that the infant can bat at or grasp while lying in their crib or playpen. This type of toy encourages exploration and interaction while ensuring safety within the confines of the crib.
D. Put-in take-out toy:
Put-in take-out toys involve placing objects into a container and then removing them, which can be engaging for infants. However, while this type of toy may provide some entertainment for a 10-month-old, it may not offer as much visual and tactile stimulation as a crib gym. Additionally, some put-in take-out toys may have smaller parts that pose a choking hazard for infants, so careful supervision is necessary.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Applying suction for 20 seconds:
Suctioning for 20 seconds is within the recommended duration for endotracheal suctioning in children. It allows adequate time for removing secretions without causing excessive trauma to the airway.
B. Introducing the catheter without suction:
This action is incorrect. When performing endotracheal suctioning, the catheter should be introduced into the endotracheal tube while applying suction. Introducing the catheter without suction may not effectively remove secretions and can lead to ineffective suctioning.
C. Rotating the catheter between the thumb and forefinger while suctioning:
Rotating the catheter between the thumb and forefinger while suctioning helps to prevent the catheter from sticking to the airway walls and facilitates the removal of secretions. This action is appropriate and helps ensure effective suctioning.
D. Allowing the child to rest for 30 to 60 seconds between suctioning passes:
Allowing the child to rest between suctioning passes helps minimize hypoxia and discomfort during the procedure. This action is appropriate and ensures that the child has adequate time to recover before the next suctioning pass.
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