A nurse is collecting data from a child who is postoperative following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of a hemorrhage?

A. Give the toddler a hard-tipped sippy cup to drink liquid:

Giving a toddler a hard-tipped sippy cup with a hard spout can increase the risk of injury, especially if the toddler falls while using it. Toddlers at this age are still developing coordination and may not have the motor skills to handle a hard-tipped cup safely. Therefore, this choice would not be appropriate and could potentially harm the toddler.

B. Suction the toddler nose and mouth every hour:

Frequent suctioning of the nose and mouth every hour can cause irritation and discomfort to the toddler. While suctioning may be necessary in certain medical situations, such as clearing mucus or secretions, it should not be done routinely every hour without a specific medical indication. Overuse of suctioning can damage the delicate tissues in the nose and mouth and disrupt the normal mucous membranes.

C. Maintain elbow restraint:

Maintaining elbow restraint is not a standard intervention for a toddler who is 24 hours post-intervention unless there is a specific medical reason for it, such as preventing the toddler from accessing an IV site or medical device. Restraining a toddler's elbows without a clear medical indication can be distressing for the child and may impede their ability to move and explore their environment, which is important for their development.

D. Provide soft foods for the toddler:

Providing soft foods for the toddler is the most appropriate intervention in this scenario. Soft foods are easier for toddlers to chew and swallow, reducing the risk of choking or discomfort, especially if the toddler has undergone certain interventions that may affect their ability to eat solid foods comfortably. Soft foods can include mashed fruits and vegetables, cooked grains, pureed meats, and other easily digestible options suitable for a toddler's age and developmental stage.

A. "Your child's diet should be high in carbohydrates & proteins with no restriction of fats."

This statement is not entirely accurate. While it's true that children with cystic fibrosis often require a diet that is higher in calories and protein to support growth and weight gain, there is typically a need to restrict fat intake. Pancreatic insufficiency, which is common in cystic fibrosis, can lead to malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, a dietitian may recommend enzyme replacement therapy and a diet that is moderate in fat but high in calories and protein.

B. "Limit your child's intake of sodium to avoid complications."

This statement is not accurate. Cystic fibrosis can lead to excessive loss of salt in sweat, which can contribute to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, limiting sodium intake can cause electrolyte disturbances.

C. "A pigeon-shaped chest might become evident as the disease progresses."

This statement is accurate. Cystic fibrosis can cause chronic lung infections and inflammation, leading to structural changes in the chest over time. One common manifestation is a barrel-shaped or "pigeon-shaped" chest, which can occur as the disease progresses. This may result from hyperinflation of the lungs due to air trapping and chronic respiratory compromise.

D. "Administer a bronchodilator to the child after chest percussion therapy."

This statement is not necessarily accurate or applicable to all cases. Bronchodilators are medications used to help relax and open the airways in conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While bronchodilators may be part of the treatment regimen for some individuals with cystic fibrosis, their use after chest percussion therapy would depend on the individual's specific respiratory symptoms and treatment plan. It's important for the parents to follow the healthcare provider's instructions regarding medication administration.