A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who is pregnant with their second child and is experiencing anxiety. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Rationale:

A. Expresses pain freely and loudly: Many Chinese American clients may view overt pain expression as a loss of control or dignity. Cultural norms often encourage stoicism, and clients may underreport pain unless directly asked in a sensitive and respectful manner.

B. Prefers foods that maintain a balance of hot and cold within the body: Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes balance, particularly of hot and cold elements, especially during the postpartum period. Clients may prefer warm foods and drinks to restore balance and promote healing after childbirth.

C. Prefers to make direct eye contact with health care personnel: In Chinese cultural contexts, direct eye contact can be considered disrespectful or confrontational, especially toward authority figures. Avoiding eye contact may be a sign of respect rather than disinterest.

D. Tends to be very expressive with gestures and body language: Chinese American clients may communicate in a more reserved and controlled manner, often minimizing the use of expressive gestures. Nonverbal communication may be subtle, requiring attentive observation.

Rationale:

A. "Every so often, I think about whether or not to have this surgery.": This statement suggests the client is still ambivalent or uncertain, which means informed consent has not yet been fully achieved. Clients must be sure and fully informed before agreeing to proceed.

B. "I will talk with the doctor about my surgery when I get into the operating room.": Informed consent must be obtained well before the procedure begins. Waiting until the operating room is inappropriate, as the client may be under stress or sedation.

C. "Can you tell me more about the surgery I am having?": This indicates the client lacks essential information about the procedure. Informed consent requires that the client already understand the nature, risks, benefits, and alternatives before signing.

D. "Signing this form indicates that I give my permission for the surgery, right?": This reflects an understanding that the consent form gives legal authorization for the procedure. It shows the client knows their signature confirms informed agreement to the surgery.