A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has cystic fibrosis.
Which of the following actions should the nurse instruct the client to take prior to initiating postural drainage?

Choice A rationale:

The anterior fontanel is open in an 8-month-old infant. The anterior fontanel, located at the top of the baby's head where the skull bones have not yet fused, typically closes between 12 to 18 months of age. It is a normal finding in an 8-month-old infant.

Choice B rationale:

The posterior fontanel closes earlier than the anterior fontanel, usually within the first few months of life. It is a smaller diamond-shaped area located at the back of the baby's head. It is not expected to be open in an 8-month-old infant.

Choice C rationale:

Molding refers to the shaping of the fetal head during passage through the birth canal. It can cause temporary changes in the shape of the baby's skull. By 8 months of age, molding is not an expected finding as the skull bones have had time to return to their normal shape.

Choice D rationale:

Both fontanels being the same size is not a typical finding. The anterior fontanel is larger than the posterior fontanel, and their sizes are proportional. Any significant deviation from this proportion could indicate abnormal skull development and should be further assessed.

Choice A rationale:

Using a 12-point font when printing written materials is helpful for readability, especially for individuals with visual impairments. However, this action alone does not necessarily promote meaningful learning. The content and presentation style are equally important.

Choice B rationale:

Presenting information using abstract concepts can be confusing, especially for older adults. Using concrete examples and simple language facilitates better understanding. Abstract concepts are more challenging to grasp, especially for individuals who might be experiencing cognitive decline.

Choice C rationale:

Connecting new information with the client's past experiences enhances learning and retention. Relating new knowledge to familiar situations or memories helps create cognitive associations, making it easier for the client to understand and remember the information. This technique is particularly effective in promoting learning among older adults.

Choice D rationale:

Speaking loudly when addressing the client is unnecessary and can be perceived as rude or patronizing. Clear and audible speech is essential, but shouting or raising the volume excessively is not respectful and does not enhance the learning experience.