A nurse is caring for a patient who has acute kidney injury. The patient's ABG results are: pH: 7.26

PaCO2: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L

Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify the patient is experiencing?

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3 level, which is not present in this scenario.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a high PaCO2 and a low pH. Although the pH is low here, the PaCO2 is also low, ruling out respiratory acidosis.

Choice C reason: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a low HCO3 level, which aligns with the patient's ABG results.

Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis would present with a high pH and a low PaCO2, which is not the case here.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Diarrhea can lead to metabolic acidosis due to the loss of bicarbonate, which is a base, leading to a relative increase in acidity.

Choice B reason: Salicylate intoxication can initially cause respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation, but may later lead to metabolic acidosis as the body compensates.

Choice C reason: Vomiting typically leads to a loss of gastric acid, which would cause metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis.

Choice D reason: Hyperventilation is more commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis due to the excessive loss of CO2, which is an acid, not metabolic acidosis.

A. Hyperventilation B. Cold, clammy skin C. Increased blood pressure D. Bradycardia

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hyperventilation is a compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis where the body tries to decrease carbon dioxide levels to balance the acidity.

Choice B reason: Cold, clammy skin is not a typical manifestation of metabolic acidosis; it may be associated with shock or hypoglycemia.

Choice C reason: Increased blood pressure is not directly related to metabolic acidosis. It can be inﬂuenced by various factors, including stress or other underlying conditions.

Choice D reason: Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not a common manifestation of metabolic acidosis. Tachycardia, or a fast heart rate, might be observed instead.

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A nurse is caring for a patient who has acute kidney injury. The patient's ABG results are: pH: 7.26 PaCO2: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify the patient is experiencing?

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A nurse is caring for a patient who has acute kidney injury. The patient's ABG results are: pH: 7.26

PaCO2: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L

Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify the patient is experiencing?