A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical unit. Which of the following clients is the most at risk for an acute kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)
A client who is taking gentamicin for infection
A client who has heart failure
A client who is 1 day postoperative following a colon resection
A client who has pneumonia
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Gentamicin is known to be nephrotoxic and can potentially cause kidney damage, especially if not properly monitored for dosage and duration of use. Therefore, this client is at increased risk for AKI due to the medication.
B. Heart failure, particularly when it is acute or decompensated, can reduce renal perfusion, leading to prerenal acute kidney injury. In heart failure, the reduced cardiac output leads to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, which can impair kidney function and result in AKI.
C. Postoperative patients are at risk for AKI due to various factors such as surgical stress, blood loss during surgery, use of anesthesia, and potential complications that can affect kidney function during the recovery phase.
D. Pneumonia itself does not directly cause acute kidney injury. In the absence of complications like sepsis or dehydration, pneumonia alone is not a significant direct risk for AKI.
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