A nurse is caring for a client with an opioid overdose. The nurse should identify the client is at risk for which acid-base imbalance?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in blood pH due to an accumulation of acids or a loss of bicarbonate. It can result from conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or severe diarrhea. However, it is not typically associated with opioid overdose. Opioid overdose primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis.
Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood due to hypoventilation. Opioid overdose depresses the central nervous system, leading to decreased respiratory rate and depth, which causes CO2 retention. This results in a decrease in blood pH, leading to respiratory acidosis. Symptoms may include confusion, lethargy, and shortness of breath.
Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a decrease in blood CO2 levels due to hyperventilation. It can occur in conditions such as anxiety, fever, or high altitude. Opioid overdose, however, causes hypoventilation rather than hyperventilation, making respiratory alkalosis an unlikely outcome.
Choice D reason: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an increase in blood pH due to an accumulation of bicarbonate or a loss of acids. It can result from conditions such as prolonged vomiting, diuretic use, or excessive bicarbonate intake. Opioid overdose does not typically lead to metabolic alkalosis. The primary concern with opioid overdose is respiratory depression and the resulting respiratory acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Prolonging the life of a client is not the primary focus of palliative care. While palliative care can sometimes extend life by improving overall well-being and reducing stress, its main goal is to enhance the quality of life by managing symptoms and providing comfort12. Palliative care is not primarily aimed at life extension but rather at ensuring that patients live as well as possible despite their illness.
Choice B Reason:
Controlling symptoms and providing comfort is the core focus of palliative care. This type of care aims to alleviate pain and other distressing symptoms, such as nausea, shortness of breath, and fatigue12. Palliative care also addresses emotional, social, and spiritual needs, helping patients and their families cope with the challenges of serious illness. By focusing on comfort and quality of life, palliative care supports patients in living as fully as possible.
Choice C Reason:
Replacing other treatments for an illness is not the focus of palliative care. Palliative care is designed to complement, not replace, other medical treatments12. It can be provided alongside curative or life-prolonging treatments, offering additional support to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. The goal is to provide a holistic approach to care that addresses all aspects of a patient’s well-being.
Choice D Reason:
Curing a serious illness is not the aim of palliative care. Palliative care is appropriate for patients at any stage of a serious illness, whether or not a cure is possible12. Its primary focus is on symptom management, comfort, and quality of life, rather than on curing the illness. This approach helps patients and their families navigate the complexities of serious health conditions with greater ease and support.
Correct Answer is ["260"]
Explanation
-
Calculation
- Enteral nutrition: 200 mL
- Water flush before feed: 30 mL
- Water flush after feed: 30 mL
Total intake = 200 mL + 30 mL + 30 mL = 260 mL
The nurse should document 260 mL as intake in the I&O.
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