A nurse is caring for a client who was prescribed metformin 6 months ago. Which of the following findings indicates a positive response to the medication?

The client's frequency of incontinence has decreased.

The client's iron level has increased.

The client's high-density lipoprotein level has increased.

The client's HbA1c has decreased.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Rationale:

A. The client's frequency of incontinence has decreased: Incontinence is not a direct measure of blood glucose control or the effectiveness of metformin. Changes in urinary frequency may be influenced by other conditions, such as urinary tract infections or prostate issues, and do not indicate the medication’s success.

B. The client's iron level has increased: Metformin does not affect iron metabolism. An increase in iron levels would be unrelated to metformin therapy and could reflect dietary changes, supplementation, or other underlying conditions.

C. The client's high-density lipoprotein level has increased: While metformin may have mild beneficial effects on lipid profiles, its primary purpose is to improve glycemic control. Changes in HDL are not the main indicator of therapeutic success for this medication.

D. The client's HbA1c has decreased: HbA1c reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2–3 months. A decrease indicates improved glycemic control, which is the primary goal of metformin therapy. Monitoring HbA1c is the most reliable measure to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:

A. “Our children can stay up as late as they prefer.” This statement reflects a permissive parenting style, where few rules are enforced and children have significant freedom. Parents in this style often avoid setting firm boundaries, which contrasts sharply with the strict control seen in authoritarian parenting.

B. “Our children are allowed to make their own choices.” This reflects an authoritative parenting style, which balances independence with guidance. Authoritative parents encourage decision-making while still providing consistent rules and support. This collaborative, approach differs significantly from the rigid and demanding nature of authoritarian parenting.

C. “We make decisions as a family.” This statement also aligns with authoritative parenting, which values communication, mutual respect, and shared problem-solving. Children’s input is considered, helping them develop confidence and reasoning skills. Such family-centered decision-making is not present in authoritarian households.

D. “We expect our children to do what we say without any questions.” Authoritarian parenting focuses on obedience, strict rules, and limited negotiation. Children are expected to comply without explanation, and parents often enforce discipline rigidly. This style places emphasis on control rather than communication.

A. Strabismus B. Bradycardia C. Conjunctivitis D. Hyperglycemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Strabismus: Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes, is not a known adverse effect of timolol. Timolol primarily affects intraocular pressure and systemic cardiovascular parameters rather than eye muscle alignment.

B. Bradycardia: Timolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker that can be absorbed systemically even when administered as eye drops. One potential systemic adverse effect is bradycardia, as the medication can reduce heart rate and cardiac output, particularly in clients with preexisting heart conditions.

C. Conjunctivitis: While eye irritation or mild stinging can occur with timolol, conjunctivitis is not a typical adverse effect. Instructing clients to monitor for more common ocular side effects, such as burning or discomfort, is appropriate.

D. Hyperglycemia: Timolol does not typically cause hyperglycemia. Beta-blockers can sometimes mask hypoglycemia symptoms in diabetic clients but are not associated with raising blood glucose levels directly.

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A nurse is caring for a client who was prescribed metformin 6 months ago. Which of the following findings indicates a positive response to the medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing the parenting styles of a family. Which of the following parent statements identify characteristics of authoritarian parenting?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for timolol to treat open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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