A nurse is caring for a client who tells the nurse that he feels he is being discharged from the facility too soon. Which of the following statements by the nurse demonstrates client advocacy?

Rationale:

A. Reinforce orientation to time, place, and person: Regularly providing cues about the current time, location, and people helps reduce confusion and anxiety in clients with dementia. Orientation reinforcement supports cognitive functioning and promotes a sense of safety.

B. Refute the client’s delusions using logic: Arguing or attempting to correct delusions can increase agitation and distress. Therapeutic communication focuses on validation and redirection rather than confrontation, making this approach inappropriate for dementia care.

C. Establish eye contact when communicating with the client: Maintaining eye contact helps ensure the client’s attention and conveys engagement and respect. It enhances understanding and supports effective communication, especially when verbal comprehension may be impaired.

D. Give the client one simple direction at a time: Breaking tasks into single, clear instructions reduces cognitive overload and frustration. This approach increases the likelihood that the client can follow directions and participate successfully in activities of daily living.

E. Allow the client to choose among a variety of activities each day: While offering choices promotes autonomy, offering a large variety can be overwhelming for a client with dementia, leading to confusion, anxiety, and decision paralysis. The nurse should offer limited choices

Rationale:

A. "Store oxygen cylinders on their side.": Oxygen cylinders should always be stored upright and secured to prevent tipping, rolling, or falling, which could damage the valve and create a fire hazard. Storing cylinders on their side increases the risk of accidents and is unsafe in the home setting.

B. "Use two-prong electrical outlets in the room where oxygen is used.": Electrical safety requires that outlets and devices used near oxygen be in good condition and free of sparks. The number of prongs is not the key concern; rather, all electrical equipment should be properly grounded and well-maintained to prevent ignition in an oxygen-rich environment.

C. "You can adjust the flow of your oxygen as needed.": Oxygen flow should only be adjusted according to the provider’s prescription. Changing the flow without guidance can result in hypoxia if decreased or oxygen toxicity if increased, making this statement unsafe and incorrect.

D. "Notify your power company that oxygen is used in the home.": Informing the power company is an important safety measure because home oxygen use increases fire risk. Utility companies can provide guidance on electrical safety, and emergency responders will be aware of the presence of oxygen in case of power outages or accidents.