A nurse is caring for a client who is visually impaired. When delivering the client's meal tray, which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Describe the food placement as though the plate were a clock.

Provide the client with small-handled adaptive utensils.

Discourage conversations during the client's mealtime.

Arrange for an assistive personnel to feed the client.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer because describing the food placement as though the plate were a clock can help the client locate and identify the food items on their tray. For example, the nurse can say, "Your chicken is at 12 o'clock, your mashed potatoes are at 3 o'clock, and your green beans are at 9 o'clock."

Choice B reason: This is not an appropriate action because providing the client with small-handled adaptive utensils can make it harder for them to grip and manipulate the utensils and increase their frustration and dependence. The nurse should provide the client with large-handled or weighted adaptive utensils that can improve their dexterity and control.

Choice C reason: This is not an appropriate action because discouraging conversations during the client's mealtime can make them feel isolated and depressed and reduce their appetite and enjoyment of food. The nurse should encourage conversations during the client's mealtime and provide social support and stimulation.

Choice D reason: This is not an appropriate action because arranging for an assistive personnel to feed the client can compromise their dignity and autonomy and increase their dependence and helplessness. The nurse should respect the client's preferences and abilities and provide assistance only when necessary.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not an appropriate action because using safety pins to secure the pad in place can puncture or damage the pad and cause leakage or malfunction. The nurse should use Velcro straps or tape to secure the pad in place.

Choice B reason: This is an appropriate action because covering the pad prior to use can prevent direct contact between the pad and the skin and reduce the risk of burns or irritation. The nurse should use a clean towel or sheet to cover the pad.

Choice C reason: This is not an appropriate action because applying the pad for 45 minutes at a time can cause tissue damage or necrosis due to prolonged exposure to heat. The nurse should apply the pad for no more than 20 minutes at a time and check the skin condition frequently.

Choice D reason: This is not an appropriate action because filling the pad with sterile water can increase the cost and waste of resources without any benefit. The nurse should fill the pad with tap water as instructed by the manufacturer.

A. "With a BMI of 30, I should focus on maintaining my current weight." B. "I should consume no more than 2,000 milligrams of sodium per day." C. "I should exercise for 30 minutes three times per week." D. "I should consume fish once per week."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not an accurate statement because a BMI of 30 indicates obesity, which is a risk factor for hypertension. The client should aim to lose weight and achieve a healthy BMI of 18.5 to 24.9.

Choice B reason: This is an accurate statement because reducing sodium intake can help lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension. The American Heart Association recommends consuming no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day and ideally less than 1,500 milligrams.

Choice C reason: This is not an accurate statement because the client should exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week, not just three times per week. Physical activity can help lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension by improving cardiovascular health and reducing stress.

Choice D reason: This is not an accurate statement because the client should consume fish at least twice per week, not just once per week. Fish is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension by reducing inflammation and improving blood vessel function.

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